WVSOM: Heart and Lung Development
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| What is the parasympathetic innervation to the lungs | Vagus Nerve
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| What does parasympathetic innervation cause in the lungs | bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, secretion
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| What runs along with the parasympathetic innervation | Affferent fibers for pain and stretch
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| Whats does the sympathetic innervation to the lungs cause | Bronchodialation, vasoconstriction, secretion inhibition
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| What are the lungs overall innervated by | Anterior and posterior pulmonary plexi (located at root of lungs)
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| What does the sinus venosus give off | Superior and inferior vena cavas
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| What does the superior vena cava come from | cardinal vein
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| What does the inferior vena cava come from | right vitelline vein
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| What is the function of the primitive heart tube | helps dispurse blood to surrounding tissue
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| The right sinus horn eventually forms a connection with what other heart strucutre | right atrium
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| What does the truncus arteriousus eventually form | ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
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| Right and left atria are formed by the forming of how many sphincters | TWO
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| Which sphincter forms first | Septum primum
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| Which direction does this grow | superior to inferior
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| As the septum primum reaches the endocarial cushion, what happens | It appoptoses to form the ostium primum
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| What is the second septum to form | Septum secundum
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| What is created in the septum secundum in order to allow blood to still flow between atria | Foreman ovale
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| What eventually happens to the septum primum and septum secundum | They fuse, blocking off blood flow between atria
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| What is the structure created by the septum's called in the adult form | Fossa Ovalis
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| What divides the ventricles from atria and from each other | Endocaridal cushions
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| What are the TWO steps to remodeling of the atrioventricular canals and outflow tracts | 1) Align corresponding right and left ventricles2) Bring truncus arterious in line with forming left ventricle
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| The fusion of what structure seperates the pulmonary valve from the aortic valve | Bulbar ridges
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| Name three of the major factors that cause heart/blood flow problems | Septal defects (blood flowing through septums), sphincter defects (faliure to open or close) and vessel size (too small or big)
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| What is PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus) | normally occurs in fetal life, and allos blood to mix between the pulmonary vascular system and aorta
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| What is coarctation of the aorta | When the aorta becomes narrow or constricted
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| What are the FOUR factors/problems in Hypoplastic Left HEart Syndrome | 1) Coarctation of Aorta/Mitral Vlave fusion2) Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)3) Small left ventricle4) Atrial Septal Defect
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| What are the abnormalities found in Tetraolgy of Fallot | - Narrow outflow of right ventricle/pulmonary stenosis- Right ventricle hypertrophy- Interventricular Septal Defect- Overriding aorta
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| What are the two shunts that route blood away from the pulmonary circulation in the fetus | - Interatrial shunt- Ductus Arteriousus
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| Describe the route of fetal blood | Oxygenated blood --> umbilical vein --> ductus arteriosus --> IVC --> R. Atrium --> L. Atrium --> L. Ventricle --> Ascending Aorta ---(DEOXYGENATED BLOOD)---> SVC --> R. Atrium --> R Ventricle --> Pulmonary trunk --> ductus arteriosus --> descending aorta
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| At birth, what causes the closing of the interatrial shunt | Left atrial pressure
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| What does the constricted ducuts arteriosus become atr birth | ligamentum arteriosum
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| When the umbilical vein is clamped, what happens | Pulmonary vasculature opens and flow from plancenta is closed (this causes rise is left atrial pressure
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