Foundations of Western Culture
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| Neolithic | humans used stone for settled agriculture
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| Paleolithic | "Old Stone Age"-humans used stone for everything and every day things
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| Fertile Crescent | another name for Mesopotamia
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| Mesopotamia | "land between the rivers"- Tigris and Euphrates
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| Sumer (Sumerian) | land at the end of Mesopotamia where the Sumerians lived-very intelligent
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| Uruk | a major city of Sumer- where Gilgamish is from
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| Ziggurat | The temple complex
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| Cuneiform | "wedged-shaped writing"
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| Pictograph | use of pictures to write concrete things
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| Anthropomorphism | the idea that gods are like humans and act like humans
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| Atrahasis (creation account) | basically the gods need us to work for them because we have no purpose anyway
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| Iron Age | use of iron and other medals for everything
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| Nineveh | a major capital of the Assyrians
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| Library of Ashurbanipal | library built by King Ashurbonge to preserve ancient writings
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| Mycenaean | Ruled by warriors
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| Minoan | Ruled by women
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| Heinrich Schliemann | "discovered" Troy and the Mycaenean culture
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| Arthur Evans | "discovered" Knossos and the Minoan culture
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| Discovery of Troy | Heinrich found a bunch of bronze from around 1200, which then he lead to believe it was this city
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| Mycenae | city of King Agamemon that was "discovered" by Heinrich Schlemann, not really sure if it's real or just invented based off of the city of Troy in the Iliad
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| Mask of Agamemnon | In the city of Mycenae, they would used mask to cover/honor the dead and apparently Heinrich found this mask but it looked like none of the others and strangely resembled Heinrich.
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| Shaft Graves | Where the bodies of the people of Mycenae were buried and had mask over them
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| peer polity model | the idea of a shared culture but not a shared ruler
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| Knossos | city of King Minos that was "discovered" by Arthur Evans, not really sure if it's real or just invented based off of the city of greek mythology
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| Matriarchy (in connection with the Minoans) | Females were in charge
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| “Bull Jumping” | a activity in the Minoan culture where men would jump over bulls for entertainment
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| Hesiod | a Greek poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. He created the idea of Theogony
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| Theogony | origins of the gods
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| Simonides | a Greek lyric poet, born at Ioulis on Ceos.
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| The Sumerian Pantheon (The Primary Deities discussed in class) | -Amunaki-heavenly beings
-Gigi-heavenly beings on earth
-Anu-Origins
-Ki-Earth
-Enlil-air god
-Enki-earth bound water god
-Sin-moon/fertility god
-Shamasha-sun god
-Ishtar-sexual desire god
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| The Rape of Europa (Zeus and Europa) | Zeus transforms to bull and takes Europa and causes her to have king Minos
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| King Minos and the Minotaur | King Minos builds a palace for the Minotaur which is the offspring of his wife and this bull that was causing problems for the city which leads him to sacrifice 7 boys to the Minotaur every year
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| The Origins of the Greek Gods (According to Hesiod’s Theogony) | Choas created Gaia and Quranos who created Chronos and Rhea who created Zeus and Hera who created the Olympians
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| The Judgment of Paris | Paris stole Helen from Minilaious because three goddesses promised different things and that is why Aphrodite is a Trojan
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| The Myth of Pandora | Pandora opens the box she isnt supposed to letting all the evils out of the world and shuts it, leaving hope in the box
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| Gilgamesh | King of Uruk- had a law he could have sex with any woman he pleases, no one likes him because he's kind of a jerk and searches for immortality for Enkidu
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| Enkidu | raised by animals and the goddess took him to have sex with a woman to get him to become human
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| Diomedes | Fighting for Fathers glory-Greek-could tell god from man-killed Priam's kids
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| Ajax | sent to get Achilles back-Greek
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| Zeus | king of the gods-god of jusitce-made a deal thetis that greeks will struggle and he will help trojans
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| Utnapishtim | The one who builds a boat like Noah and he is the one who Gilgamesh comes to to seek eternal life for Enkidu
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| Hector | Finishes of Patroclus-Trojan-beloved by many-breeder of horses
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| Aeneas | trojan commander-aphrodite's son
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| Priam | father of Hector and Paris-King of Trojans
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| Andromache | Hector's wife
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| Aphrodite | goddess who loves trojans and saves paris
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| Hecuba | Paris and Hectors mom
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| Achilles | Got his girl stolen-Greek-goes to mother to get help-absent during most of the war-greatest warrior
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| Paris | Hector's Brother-Trojan- Coward-said to be "god-like"
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| Athena | side of the Greeks-gives everyone everything, such as Diomedes temper
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| Odysseus | a great speaker sent to Achilles to get him back in the war-Greek
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| Ares | caused entire reason for war-judgement of Paris-offered Helen to Paris
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| Apollo | side of trojans
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| Agamemnon | King of the Greeks
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| Nestor | Orator-Greek
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| Hera | wife of Zeus-fighting for the Greeks
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| Phoenix | a second father to Achilles and is sent to get him back in the war-Greek-dont wait until its too late
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| Artemis | goddess of archury-side of trojans
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| Menelaus | brother of Agamemon-Greek
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| Helen of Troy | The reason for the war-Paris has stolen her-daughter of Zeus-most beautiful woman in the world-Greek/Tojan
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