function of the heart
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| ejection fraction | the percentage of the blood volume in the ventricle that pumps to the heart
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| what percent is a normal ejection fraction | 67%
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| what can increase ejection fraction | exercise can increase injection fraction
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| what decreases ejection fraction | heart failure decreases ejection fraction
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| what is the Starling Law of the heart | it allows the heart to pump out as much blood as it receives
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| what is the cardiac cycle | occurs during the heart beat and is a coordinated contraction and relaxation of the chambers of the heart
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| what are the contractions of the heart | it is called premature atrial contraction
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| what is myocardial | the heart muscles
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| what are premature ventricles | are premature heart beats that occur before the regular beats.
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| what is stroke volume | the amount of blood that the ventricle pumps into one heartbeat
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| cardiac output | job is to pushes blood out
is the heart rate (+) stroke volume
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| what is afterload | the resistance to the flow of blood
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| what happens with (Left)heart failure | does not pump blood into the into the aorta
blood backs up in the lungs and the heart is unable to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the systemic circulation
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| what is the signs of heat failure | edema
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| what happens when blood fails to pump into the aorta and the blood backs into the lungs and the heart to pump sufficiently | left heart failure
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| What is Backward failure | Heart failure attributed to increased filling pressure of the ventricles due to obstruction, as occurs with mitral or tricuspid stenosis, which causes increased venous pressure with congestion.
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| what is (forward failure) | a concept of heart failure that emphasizes the inadequacy of cardiac output relative to body needs and considers venous distention as secondary
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| what does Lasix do | blocks the absorption of sodium and water by the kidney getting rid of the excess water
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| the higher the afterload the greater the afterload becomes true or false | true
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| what is JVD? | jugular vein distention
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| What is systole | contraction of the myocardium
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| what is diastole | relaxation of the cardiac cycle
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| What is sympathetic effect | racing heart and pounding heart
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| what do beta blockers do | also known as beta-adrenergic blocking agents, are drugs that block norepinephrine and epinephrine (adrenaline) from binding to beta receptors on nerves.
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| What is the major arteries | Aorta / the jugulars are in the neck abdominal aorta runs down the body with the spine/ femoral artery's run from the lower trunk
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| what are the special vessels in the liver |
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| what are the layers of the blood vessel | Tunica intima , Tunica media, Tunica external
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| what is the ejection fraction? | the percent of the ventricular volume that's pumped or ejected during the ventricular systole (contractions)
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| what medicine is giving during a heart attack | beta blocker
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| during a heart attack if you slow the heart down what does it do | reduce need for oxygen and rate force of contraction
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| what causes heart failure | alcohol , hypertension, heart enlarges , damage to heart valve
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| what is congestive heart failure | the heart losses ability to manage its pumping responsibility
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| left side heart fail | left side ventricle is not pumping adequacy blood back behind heart in lungs
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| what does the pulmonary arteries do | The pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs under low pressure, making these arteries unique
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| major veins of sympathetic system | superficial veins
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| what does digoxin do? | is approved to treat congestive heart failure (CHF) and a type of irregular heart rhythm known as atrial fibrillation. It belongs to a group of drugs called cardiac glycosides and works by blocking a certain enzyme in the body called sodium-potassium ATPa
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| what is Atropine | reduces the secretions of many organs
effects on the heart to maintain proper heart function, during emergencies involving the heart, and to treat certain heart disorders
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| what is a alpha-adrenergic blocker and sympathomimetic drugs do | blocks the sympathetic effect
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| osmosis let water move in to the cell true or false | true
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| what is preload | is the end-diastolic volume (EDV) at the beginning of systole
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| congestive heart failure (CHF) | that characterized by breathlessness and abnormal sodium and water retention, resulting in edema, with congestion of the lungs or peripheral circulation, or both.
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| What 4 variables determine cardiac output? | Heart rate, pre-load, afterload, and contractility
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| What are arterioles ? | Arterioles are very tiny arteries.
they contract and relax
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| what is a Capillaries | Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that pass blood from the arteries into the veins. They are very small, the largest being about 10 micrometers in diameter. Their walls are thin which allows materials to pass into them
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| What are arteries? | What are arteries? Arteries are strong tubes, or vessels, that carry blood from your heart to the rest of your body.
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| veins that store blood is called | capacitance vessels
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| What is bradycardia | means that your heart beats very slowly.
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| What is pulse pressure? | The numeric difference between your systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called your pulse pressure. For example, if your resting blood pressure is 120/80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), your pulse pressure is 40
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| Oncotic pressure | is a form of pressure in the circulatory system which encourages water to cross the barrier of the capillaries and enter the circulatory system.
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| cause of edema | • As the fluid collects, it can leak into the spaces between the tissue layers, creating pitting edema. Pregnancy may be another cause of pit edema
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| Nephrotic syndrome | is a kidney disorder that causes your body to excrete too much protein in your urine.
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| what is Postural hypotension | A drop in blood pressure (hypotension) due to a change in body position (posture) when a person moves to a more vertical position:
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| What is ischemia? | your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen. Ischemia usually happens because of a shortage of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle
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| where is parasympathetic located | its located in the pacers only
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| what does sedocolyn do |
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| true or false | the more blood the volume increases
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| what is right side heart failure | backs up into the vein that drains the blood to the heart
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