Topographical Anatomy
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| Topographical Anatomy/Surface Anatomy | The study of the structure of the body with emphasis on superficial landmarks, such as anatomical guides, linear guides, and anatomical limits.
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| Anatomical Guide | The method of locating one structure in relation to another adjacent & more prominent structure.
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| Anatomical Limit or Extent | The point of origin and termination of a structure in relation to adjacent structures.
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| Linear Guide | A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin, which represents the approximate location of some deeper lying structure.
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| Anterior Cervical Triangle | A topographical area on the anterior portion of the neck.
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| How many boundaries does the Anterior Cervical Triangle have? | Three: superior, lateral, medial
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| Superior Boundary or Base of the Anterior Cervical Triangle | This boundary is formed by the inferior border of the mandible.
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| Lateral Boundary of the Anterior Cervical Triangle | This boundary is formed by the SCM muscle.
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| Medial Boundary of the Anterior Cervical Triangle | This boundary is formed by the mid-line of the neck.
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| SCM muscles | Sternocleidomastoid muscle
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| What are the major contents of the Anterior Cervical Triangle? | The Common Carotid Artery, the Internal Jugular Vein, and the Vagus Nerve.
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| the Common Carotid Artery | Lies medial and deep to the Internal Jugular Vein, contained within the Anterior Cervical Triangle.
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| the Internal Jugular Vein | Lies lateral and superficial to the Common Carotid Artery, housed within the Anterior Cervical Triangle.
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| the Vagus Nerve | Lies posterior and in between the Common Carotid Artery and the Internal Jugular Vein.
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| the Carotid Sheath | This sheath bundles the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and the vagus nerve, and it arises from the deep cervical fascia.
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| the Mandible | The lower jaw.
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| Where is the superior part of the mandible? | This is the area of the lower jaw which holds the lower set of teeth.
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| Where is the inferior part of the mandible? | This area of the lower jaw is the jaw line, closest to the neck.
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| the Jugular Notch of the Sternum | The hollow depression in the center of clavicle.
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| What is the Sternum? | the Breastbone
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| Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone. | The hard round bone located behind the ears.
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| Axilla (Axillary Space) | The small hollow space beneath the arm, where it joins to the the body by the shoulders. AKA, the armpit!
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| Axillary Artery | Lies lateral and deep to the Axillary Vein, housed within the Axilla.
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| Axillary Vein | Lies medial and superficial to the Axillary Artery.
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| Brachial Plexus | This is a network of fibers that originates from the ventral branches of the last four cervical (C5-C8) and first Thoracic (T1) spinal nerves. This network supplies the shoulders, arms and chest.
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| Femoral Triangle/Scarpa's Triangle | This area is located in the anterior superior portion of the upper 1/3 of the thigh.
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| Superior Boundary or Base of the Femoral Triangle | This border is formed by the inguinal ligament.
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| Lateral Boundary of the Femoral Triangle | This border is formed by the sartorius muscles
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| Medial Boundary of the Femoral Triangle | This border of the Femoral Triangle is formed by the adductor longus muscle.
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| Femoral Vein | This lies medial and deep to the femoral artery.
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| Femoral Artery | This lies lateral and superficial to the femoral vein.
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| Femoral Nerve | The nerve within the Femoral Triangle.
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| How many boundaries or borders does the Femoral Triangle have? | Thee: the Superior Boundary, the Lateral Boundary, and the Medial Boundary.
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| VAN | Vein, Artery, Nerve. (use as a tip for remembering the contents of the femoral triangle, going from medial to lateral)
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