Hitler's Plans
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| Rearmament (R) | regain military glory: new air force - Luftwaffe and 2500 aircraft and 300,000 men
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| Expand German Territory (E) | unite all German speaking people in one country, conquer more land, reunite with Austria
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| Defeat spread of Communism (C) | Opposed to ideas of communism
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| Revise treaty of Versailles (T) | abolish it
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| Living space (lebensraum) (L) | In the east wanted: as far as the Caucasus and Iran. In the west: Flanders ( Belgium ) and Holland . Need Sweden to become colonial power.
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| 1933 | Took Germany out of the League, began rearming secretly
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| 1934 | Tried to take over Austria but was taken over by Mussolini
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| 1935 | Held massive rearmament rally in Berlin
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| 1936 | Reintroduced conscription in Germany, Sent German troops into the Rhineland, Made an anti-com-intern pact with Japan
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| 1937 | Tried out new chemical weapons in the Spanish Civil war with Italy
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| 1938 | Took over Austria, and Sudetenland area of Czechoslovakia
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| 1939 | Invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia, and then, Poland
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| League/Disarmament: What happened? | G. declined. To disarm. G. forced to disarm but other nations were not prepared to give up their armies first. July 1932, G. proposed everyone to disarm. Thus, in a secret meeting in 1933, it was decided that 1933-35 Germany would rearm secretly.
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| League/Disarmament: When? | 1933-1935
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| League/Disarmament: How did this achieve Hitler’s aims? | regain military glory: new air force plan included from secret meeting- Luftwaffe and 2500 aircraft and 300,000 men and by rearming, it revised the terms of the treaty of Versailles
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| League/Disarmament: Causes & Excuses? | July 1932, G. proposed everyone to disarm but no one else did.
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| League/Disarmament: Role of Britain & France? | Germany knew Britain has sympathy for her, believing the limits were too harsh on her army. Britain also thought a strong Germany would be a good buffer against Communism.
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| Anglo-German Naval Agreement: What happened? | Agreement limited the navy to 35% of the size of Great Britain’s Royal Navy based on tonnage. Persisted until April 28 of 1939, when Adolf Hitler renounced it.
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| Anglo-German Naval Agreement: When? | signed on June 18, 1935 by Germany and Great Britain.
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| Anglo-German Naval Agreement: How did this achieve Hitler’s aims? | Rearmament and it revised the terms of the treaty of Versailles as the tonnage ratio granted Germany the authority to produce a navy far larger than the Treaty of Versailles had permitted.
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| Anglo-German Naval Agreement: Causes & Excuses? | The Anglo-German Naval Agreement was an attempt to improve the relationship between Germany and Great Britain. The Germans regarded the agreement to be the start of an alliance against Soviet Union and France.
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| Anglo-German Naval Agreement: Role of Britain & France? | For Great Britain, however, it was meant to be the beginning of arms restriction arrangements which were designed to restrict Germany’s expansion. It was made without prior consultations with Italy or France.
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| Anglo-German Naval Agreement: Characters Involved? | Joachim von Ribbentrop: to lead the naval delegation on March 27, 1935.
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| The Spanish Civil War: What happened? | Military revolt against the Republican government of Spain led by General Francisco Franco. The Republicans received help from Russia. The Nationalists received aid from the Luftwaffe and the Aviazione Legionaria. Bombarded Guernica on 26 April 1937.
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| The Spanish Civil War: When? | Revolt = (1936–39), bombardment = 1937
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| The Spanish Civil War: How did this achieve Hitler’s aims? | Defeat spread of Communism
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| The Spanish Civil War: Causes & Excuses? | Civil war broke out between republicans and nationalists in Spain, Germany sees this as an opportunity
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| The Spanish Civil War: Role of Britain & France? | did nothing
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| The Spanish Civil War: Characters involved? | General Francisco Franco and Hitler
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| Anschluss: What happened? | 1934, Chancellor Dollfuss was murdered but the attempted coup failed. Italy had an agreement to protect Aus. from outside aggression. Schuschnigg signed the German-Aus. Agreement of 1936. Austria was now vulnerable to German attack. 1938, Hitler invaded
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| Anschluss: When? | 1934-1938
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| Anschluss: How did this achieve Hitler’s aims? | Expand German Territory
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| Anschluss: Excuses? | If Hitler could claim that Austrian law and order had broken down he could justify marching German troops into Vienna to restore peace - despite the fact that he was responsible for the chaos in the first place.
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| Anschluss: Role of Britain & France? | did nothing
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| Anschluss: Characters involved? | Schuschnigg, Hitler, Mussolini, Chancellor Dollfuss
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| The Saarland: What happened? | On 13 January 1935, plebiscite, overseen by two judges from Italy and Holland, and a US History Professor. The result was overwhelming: 90.3% of the voters voted to return to Germany.
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| The Saarland: When? | 13 January 1935
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| The Saarland: How did this achieve Hitler’s aims? | Expand German Territory, Revise treaty of Versailles
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| The Saarland: Causes & Excuses? | The result gave a massive boost to Hitler's prestige, and were in the future to provide him with the moral authority to advance his demands for unity with Austrian and the Sudeten Germans.
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| The Saarland: Role of Britain & France? | uphold the plebiscite. The League knew what was going on, but it was afraid to stop the plebiscite for fear of causing Nazi riots
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| The Saarland: Characters involved? | Hitler, two judges from Italy and Holland, and a US history professor
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| The Rhineland: What happened? | Hitler took what for him was a huge gamble - he ordered that his troops should openly re-enter He did order his generals that the military should retreat out of the Rhineland if the French made any military stand against him. Not occur. 32,000 soldiers.
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| The Rhineland: When? | In March 1936
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| The Rhineland: How did this achieve Hitler’s aims? | Rearmament (Over the next two years the Germans built defences and within 18 months their rate of rearmament passed that of Britain and France), and Revise treaty of Versailles by militarizing the Rhineland
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| The Rhineland: Causes PART 1? | For many years the Rhineland area had been a key industrial region of Germany, producing coal, steel and iron resources.
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| The Rhineland: Role of Britain & France? | Britain did not act. The nation was weak economically and militarily and so did not want to commit itself to war unless it definitely had to. France did not act. France was between governments when Germany re-occupied the Rhineland.
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| Sudeten Crisis: What happened? PART 1 | 7 September 1938, the German Sudeten Party demanded union with Germany. Chamberlain met Hitler at Berchtesgaden (15 September). Chamberlain met Hitler at Bad Godesberg (22 September). Britain and France made a Pact with Hitler at Munich (29 September).
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| Sudeten Crisis: What happened? PART 2 | On 30 September, Chamberlain returned to England with his famous piece of paper. On 1 October 1938, Hitler marched unopposed into the Sudetenland. He said that it was the start of a 1000-year German Reich (empire).
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| Sudeten Crisis: When? | 1938
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| Sudeten Crisis: How did this achieve Hitler’s aims? | Expand German Territory and Living space (lebensraum)
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| Sudeten Crisis: Causes & Excuses? | On 11 March 1938, Hitler invaded Austria. It was clear he wanted to do the same in the Sudetenland.
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| Sudeten Crisis: Role of Britain & France? | At first Chamberlain refused, but then he decided that Czechoslovakia was not one of the ‘great issues’ which justified war, but just ‘a quarrel in a far-away country between people of whom we know nothing’.
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| Sudeten Crisis: Characters Involved? | Édouard Daladier (PM of France), Lord Runciman (in order to see if he could obtain a settlement between the Czechoslovak government and the Germans in the Sudetenland), Konrad Henlein led the riots,
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| Anti-Com-intern Pact: What happened? | Pact between Japan and Germany. This anti-communist pact was opposed to the ideologies of the Comintern of Communist International.
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| Anti-Com-intern Pact: When? | November 25, 1936
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| Anti-Com-intern Pact: How did this achieve Hitler’s aims? | Defeat spread of Communism
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| Anti-Com-intern Pact: Causes & Excuses? | opposed to the ideologies of the Comintern of Communist International
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| Anti-Com-intern Pact: Role of Britain & France? | Britain was to be invited, pact was to isolate the USSR.
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| Rome-Berlin Axis: What happened? | Coalition formed in 1936 between Italy and Germany. An agreement formulated by Italy’s foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano informally linking the two fascist countries was reached on October 25, 1936. It was formalized by the Pact of Steel in 1939.
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| Rome-Berlin Axis: When? | 1936
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| Rome-Berlin Axis: How did this achieve Hitler’s aims? | Uniting with other nations, to spread fascism and power
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| Rome-Berlin Axis: Causes & Excuses? | Both fascist countries
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| Rome-Berlin Axis: Role of Britain & France? | nothing
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| Anschluss: Causes? | Hitler wanted all German-speaking nations in Europe to be a part of Germany. To this end, he had designs on re-uniting Germany with his native homeland, Austria.
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| The Rhineland: Causes PART 2?# | One of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles was that the Germans would not be able to keep military forces in a 50km stretch of the Rhineland. Hitler resented this term as it made Germany vulnerable to invasion.
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