apmeh
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| area of western europe that was christianized during the early middle ages | rome, italy
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| how classical (greek & roman) texts were preserved during the early middle ages | monks preserved them in their libraries, copied old books, made new ones, and conducted almost the only schools
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| Dark ages dates | 500 - 1000 AD
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| major technological advances of the dark ages | 3 field system of rotation of crops, metal tools, water mills, animal traction harnesses, etc.
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| Franks | germanic tribe who eventually became the french
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| Clovis | the first king of the franks to unite all of the frankish tribes under one ruler
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| feudalism | the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's la
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| Battle of Tours | fought in north central france. Franks defeated a large number of spanish moors, ending the muslim advance into western europe.
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| Charles Martel | Frankish ruler & leader of the frankish army at the battle of tours
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| Charlemagne | King of the Franks from 768, the King of Italy from 774, and from 800 the first emperor in western Europe since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier.
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| The song of roland | a heroic poem based on the Battle of Roncevaux in 778, during the reign of Charlemagne.
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| Pope Leo III | was Pope from 795 to his death in 816. Protected by Charlemagne from his enemies in Rome, he subsequently strengthened Charlemagne's position by crowning him as Roman Emperor.
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| vikings | were Norse seafarers, speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Scandinavian homelands across wide areas of northern and central Europe, as well as European Russia, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries
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| Rollo | a Norse Viking who was founder and first ruler of the Vikings
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| Alfred the Great | Alfred the Great was King of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred successfully defended his kingdom against the Viking attempt at conquest, and by the time of his death had become the dominant ruler in England.
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| Serfs | an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate
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| beginning of the "High Middle Ages" | 1000 AD
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| in the 11th century, the population of europe (increased/decreased) (slightly/drastically) | increased drastically
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| the high middle ages saw an _____ in the number & quality of european educational institutions and the number of cities ______ | advance, increase
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| Two great powers that dominated western europe during the middle ages | The roman papacy & the german empire
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| City states located in ________ dominated maritime trade during the high middle ages | venice
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| Battle of hastings (date) | 1066
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| monasticisim | a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.
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| why the high middle ages was a time of progress | europes countryside became more cultivated. towns & villages emerged, universities flourished, and commerce was controlled by bankers, and regulated by guilds.
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| holy roman empire | a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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| gregory vii | best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy. affirmed the primacy of papal authority and the new canon law governing the election of the pope by the College of Cardinals. He was also at the forefront of developments in the relationshi
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| investiture | The act or formal ceremony of conferring the authority and symbols of a high office.
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| Henry iv | the tenth King of England
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| Thomas a Becket |
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