Yellow Module Respiratory Reverse Definitions
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cystic fibrosis | A hereditary disease of the exocrine glands affecting the respiratory system, pancreas and sweat glands.
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diaphragm | A large muscle located between the chest and the abdominal wall.
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rhonchus | Abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway.
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crackle | Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates,spasms, hyperplasia or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rafe.
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anoxia | Absence of oxygen in the tissues.
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anosmia | Absence of the sense of smell.
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pulmonary edema | Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure.
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corticosteroids | Act on the immune system by blocking production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions.
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pertussis | Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sounds; also called whooping cough.
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coryza | Acute inflammation of the membrane of the nose; also called head cold or upper respiratory infection.
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sputum | An abnormal viscous fluid formed in the lower respiratory tract that often contains blood, pus and bacteria.
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tuberculosis (TB) | An infectious disease caused by inhaling viable tubercle bacilli.
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pneumonia | An inflammatory disease of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, disease, chemicals, etc.
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stethoscope | An instrument used in auscultation.
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tonsillotome | An instrument used to cut the tonsils.
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antihistamines | Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues.
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pulmonary embolism | Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter.
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hemothorax | Blood in the chest cavity.
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histamines | Body substances that dilate blood vessels, causing swelling and inflammation in nasal passages.
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bronchiectasis | Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi.
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atelectasis | Collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of a lung.
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pneumothorax | Collection of air in the pleural cavity.
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adenoids | Collection of lymphatic tissue within the nasopharynx.
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palatine tonsils | Collection of lymphatic tissue within the oropharynx.
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croup | Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and sometimes lungs.
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(SIDS) sudden infant death syndrome | Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months of age; also called crib death.
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asphyxia | Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen.
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hypercapnia | Condition of an increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.
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hemoptysis | Condition of spitting up blood.
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respiratory system | Consists of organs that are responsible for the breathing process. It exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide at a cellular level.
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decongestants | Constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink, so that air can pass more freely through the passageways.
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antibiotics | Destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria by disrupting their membranes or one or more of their metabolic processes.
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dysphonia | Difficulty in speaking; hoarseness.
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dyspnea | Diffult breathing.
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pneumoconiosis | Disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust, stone dust, iron dust and asbestos particles.
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deviated nasal septum | Displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes, nosebleed.
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finger clubbing | Enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary diseases.
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pleural effusion | Excess of fluid in the pleural cavity.
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acidosis | Excessive acidity of body fluids.
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pneumectomy | Excision of a lung or a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer.
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pleurectomy | Excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal pleura.
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eupnea | Good breathing.
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cilia | Hairlike structures.
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stridor | High-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway.
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hyperpnea | Increased breathing, deeper than normal.
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sinusitis | Inflammation of a sinus.
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pleurisy | Inflammation of a pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis.
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pharyngoscope | Instrument used to view the throat.
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Mantoux test | Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen.
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expectorants | Liquefy respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes.
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aerosol therapy | Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medications in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways.
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sweat test | Measurement of the amount of salt in sweat.
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postural drainage | Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs.
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sputum culture | Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias.
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(CTPA) computed tomography pulmonary angiography | Minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries.
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mucous membrane | Moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment; also called mucosa.
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stenosis | Narrowing or constriction.
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epistaxis | Nasal hemorrhage, also called nosebleed.
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oximetry | Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry.
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nares | Nostrils
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(V-Q) ventilation-perfusion scan | Nuclear scan that evaluates both airflow and blood flow in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs; also called V-Q lung scan.
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hypoxemia | Oxygen deficiency in arterial blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment.
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hypoxia | Oxygen deficiency in body tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment.
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lobular | Pertaining to a lobe.
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thoracic | Pertaining to the chest area.
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pulmonary | Pertaining to the lungs.
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spirometry | PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air.
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endotracheal intubation | Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway.
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tachypnea | Rapid breathing.
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antitussives | Relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain.
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Cheyne-Stokes respiration | Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of repiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all.
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orthopnea | Respiratory condition of discomfort breathing in any but an erect or standing position.
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pleura | Serous membrane which envelops the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity.
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epiglottitis | Severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2-12 years of age.
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sleep apnea | Sleeping disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly for more than 10 seconds, causing measurable blood deoxygenation.
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bronchioles | Smaller branches of the bronchi.
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bronchodilators | Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax, thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased air flow.
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tracheostomy | Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted.
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thoracentesis | Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis.
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septoplasty | Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures.
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pH | Symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
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carbon dioxide (CO2) | Tasteless, colourless, odourless gas produced by the body cells during the metabolism.
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oxygen (O2) | Tasteless, colourless,odourless gas essential for human respiration.
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apnea | Temporary loss of breathing.
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polysomnography | Test of sleep cycles+stages of continuous recordings of brain waves,electrical activity of muscles,eye movement,respiratory rate,blood pressure,blood oxygen saturation,heart rhythm and sometimes direct observation of person sleeping using a video camera.
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arterial blood gases (ABG) | Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood.
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throat culture | Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci.
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visceral pleura | The innermost layer lying next to the lung.
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parietal pleura | The outermost layer, lining the thoracic cavity.
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nasopharynx | The portion of the pharynx above the soft palate and behind the nose.
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percussion | The process of gently tapping with the fingers to determine position, size or consistency of an underlying structure.
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auscultation | The process of listening to body sounds, especially in the chest, with the use of a stethoscope.
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mediastinum | The space between the right and left lung, which contains the heart, aorta, esophagus and the bronchi.
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bronchi | The two branches off the trachea which leads to the right and left lungs.
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serous membrane | Thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa.
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alveoli | Tiny air sacs within the lungs; resembling small balloons.
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diffuse | To move or spread out a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces.
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cartilage | Tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone.
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pulmonary function test (PFTs) | Variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function, the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane.
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bronchoscopy | Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor.
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laryngoscopy | Visual examination of the larynx, to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities.
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mediastinoscopy | Visual examination of the mediastinal structures including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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larynx | Voice box. Responsible for sound production.
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septum | Wall dividing two cavities.
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antral lavage | Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management.
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wheeze | Whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway.
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trachea | Windpipe. Cartilaginous tube which extends from the larynx to the bronchial tubes.
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Created by:
Barbara Ross
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