Quiz 1
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| Normal urine color? | show 🗑
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| show | urobilinogen
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| Milky urine color? | show 🗑
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| Brownish yellow or green urine color? | show 🗑
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| show | blood
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| Yellow foam in urine? | show 🗑
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| show | albumin
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| show | AGN
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| Normal odor of urine? | show 🗑
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| show | bladdar retention
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| show | Ketone bodies = DM
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| Foul odor of urine? | show 🗑
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| Measurment of the dissolve substances present in the urine or expression of the concentration of urine? | show 🗑
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| Normal ranges for specific gravity? | show 🗑
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| Low specific gravity indicates what? | show 🗑
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| show | Diabetes Mellitus
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| Fixed specific gravity at 1.010 indicates what? | show 🗑
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| Normal pH levels? | show 🗑
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| show | acidosis, fever, increased protein diet
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| High pH levls of urine? | show 🗑
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| Presence of protein in urine is mostly indicative of what? | show 🗑
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| show | That it's not neccisarily renal disease
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| show | albumin
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| show | albumin because of its small molecular size
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| show | functional because there are no tests or aha lesions; orthostatic proteinuria
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| Type of proteinuria that is associated with demonstrable systemic disease or rernal pathology? | show 🗑
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| 3 types of organic proteinuria? | show 🗑
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| show | 180mg/100ml serum glucose level
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| Causes of increased glucose in urine? | show 🗑
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| Causes of decreased glucose in urine? | show 🗑
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| show | diabetes mellitus
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| Ketonuria appears when? | show 🗑
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| Conditions of ketonuria include what? | show 🗑
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| Presence of intact RBC's in thet urine | show 🗑
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| show | hemoglobinuria
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| show | trauma or irritation
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| Causes of hemoglobinuria | show 🗑
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| Myoglobinuria indicates what and may appear in what? | show 🗑
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| False negatives of hematuria include what? | show 🗑
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| a leukocyte esterase false positive can be because of what? | show 🗑
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| show | gram-negative bacteria (bacteriuria) caused by nitrate reducing bacteria
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| show | 4 hours
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| show | liver disease or extrahepatic or intrahepatic biliary obstruction
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| show | conjugated water soluble bilirubin
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| Reference range of RBC's, WBC's and casts under a microscopic exam of a urinary sediment? | show 🗑
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| show | first-morning, mid-stream
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| show | >3 RBC per hpf
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| show | >5 WBC per hpf
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| show | benign hematuria or a vaginal contaminant
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| WBC's in urine? | show 🗑
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| Pyuria of renal origin is usually accompanied by what? | show 🗑
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| show | bacteriuria
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| show | >10 squamous epi cells per lpf
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| show | Casts seen in exercisers
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| Waxy casts indicate what? | show 🗑
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| RBC casts indicate what? | show 🗑
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| show | Acute pyelonephritis and WBC's uriginate in the kidney
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| Fatty casts inidcate what? | show 🗑
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| Fatty, RBC and WBC casts are always what? | show 🗑
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| show | no importance
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| To make blood? | show 🗑
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| RBC's in bone marrow called? | show 🗑
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| show | Extramedullary hematopoiesis
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| To make RBC's | show 🗑
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| show | Erythropoietin; kidney
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| Erthyrocyte stage where the RBC has a nucleus, nucleus has no function and the cytoplasm is orange/red in color | show 🗑
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| show | polychromatic erythrocyte; reticulocyte
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| Diameter of a mature erythrocyte? | show 🗑
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| show | gower 1, gower 2, Hb F, Hb A, Hb A2
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| show | Hb F
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| show | Hb A
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| Aged RBC's are phatocytized by the macrophages of the RE syste and broken down into iron, globin and protoporphyrin, majority of the Hb breakdown. | show 🗑
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| RBC's lyse within the circulation and is the minority of the Hb breakdown | show 🗑
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| show | Hb, total RBC count, Hct, RBC indices, WBC count, Platelet count
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| Hb is great at detecting what? | show 🗑
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| show | Decreased
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| Improper what will give you a false increase in Hb? | show 🗑
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| RR for Hb? | show 🗑
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| Anemia exists when the Hb level is what? | show 🗑
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| show | Heavy smokers, exercise, living at high altitudes, higher in the morning
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| Fake anemia is called what and seen in who? | show 🗑
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| RR for RBC count? | show 🗑
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| Decrease in RBC's? | show 🗑
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| show | myelopoliferative neoplasms
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| Ratios of spun RBC's to plasma reflecting the volume of packed RBC's | show 🗑
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| show | Hb x 3
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| Falsely elevated Hct | show 🗑
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| show | EDTA keeps blood from clotting
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| show | 37-47% females, 40-54% males
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| show | RBC indicies
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| show | Mean Corpuscular(Cell) Volume (MCV)
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| show | 80-100 femtoliters(fl)
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| Causes of increased MCV? | show 🗑
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| show | iron deficiency anemias, Thalassemias, Hereditary sideroblasic anemia, lead poisening, chronic disease anemia
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| Etiology of macrocytosis | show 🗑
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| Etiology of microcytosis | show 🗑
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| show | Mean Cell Hemoglobin(MCH)
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| show | 27-33 picograms(pg)
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| Increased MCH | show 🗑
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| Decreased MCH | show 🗑
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| show | Mean Cell Hb Concentration(MCHC)
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| show | Microcytic and normocytic anemias, pale
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| Increased MCHC | show 🗑
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| show | MCHC
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| RR of MCHC | show 🗑
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| Index of RBC size differences and useful in drawing attention to anisocytosis, a marker for various anemias | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | RDW
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| RR of RDW | show 🗑
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| show | 4,500-11,000/microliter
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| Decreased WBC count? | show 🗑
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| show | Leukocytosis
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| Causes of leukopenia? | show 🗑
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| Causes of leukocytosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Small discoid blood corpuscles, the primary link in achieving hemostasis
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| show | 150,000-400,000/cu mm
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| Too many platelets called what? What causes this? | show 🗑
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| Decreased platelet count? | show 🗑
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| <70,000 platelets is clinically evident for what? | show 🗑
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| show | PBS and Hb value
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| show | To obtain differential counts of WBC and to study blood cell morphology
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| show | anemias, leukemias and platelet abnormalities
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| show | anisocytosis; by RDW
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| show | poikilocytosis
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| show | polychromasia
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| show | microcytes and macrocytes; MCV
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| show | Schistocytes
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| show | Acanthocytes; severe liver disease, anorexia nervosa
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| show | artifact, liver disease, renal disease, hyperlipidemia
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| show | hemolytic anemia due to an oxidizing agent(Heinz body anemia)
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| show | Target cells
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| show | myeloid metaplasia, CML
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| Stacked up coins and what causes them? | show 🗑
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| RBC type caused by lead poisoning? | show 🗑
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| show | Howell-Jolly bodies
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| RBC type caused by an increased iron load? | show 🗑
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| show | hypochromic; iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia
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| show | Hyperchromic
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| Reticulocytes are what color? | show 🗑
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| show | infection
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| show | hypersegmentation; pernicious anemia, b12 or folic acid deficiency
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| show | viral infections like mono; too much blue cytoplasm
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| show | leukoerythroblastosis; leukemia
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| show | 50-70%; bacterial infections
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| Increased neutrophils is called what? | show 🗑
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| Decreased neutrophils is called what? | show 🗑
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| Normal range for eosinophils? | show 🗑
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| show | eosinophilia; parasites and acute allergic reactions
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| Normal range for basophils? | show 🗑
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| Increased basophils is called what? When is it increase? | show 🗑
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| Normal range of lymphocytes? | show 🗑
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| Increased lymphocytes is called what and what causes them to increase? | show 🗑
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| show | lymphocytopenia; immunodeficiency syndromes (AIDS)
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| Normal range of monocytes? | show 🗑
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| Increased monocytes is called what and what does it mean to be increased? | show 🗑
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| show | erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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| ESR Test | show 🗑
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| show | children: 3-13mm/hr
post-adolescent man: 1-15mm/hr
post-adolescent woman: 1-20mm/hr
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| show | males = age/2
females = age + 10/2
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| show | hard, non-movable, non-tender, hard to get finger around them
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| show | malignant reticulum cell; Reed-Sternberg Cells
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| Male:female ratio? | show 🗑
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| Bimodal age distributions? | show 🗑
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| Clinical findings of Hodgkins? | show 🗑
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| show | Lymphocytopenia, anemia(33-50%)(hypochromic and microcytic), Eosinophilia (20%), elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (Bone Marrow or liver involvement)
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| Hodgkins Triad? | show 🗑
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| Diagnosis of hodgkins from what? | show 🗑
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| Disease which means many cells in the blood, also called what? | show 🗑
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| show | Polycythemia vera
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| Hx of PV? | show 🗑
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| show | Organomegaly(liver and spleen), facial plethora(Redness of face)
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| show | Inc. RBC, Inc. Hct, Dec. EPO, Thrombocytosis, Leukocytosis, hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia
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| show | phlebotomy
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| show | Hypoxia, high altitude, chronic lung disease, hormonal
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| show | Falsely increased RBC's due to decrease in plasma volume. Etiology dehydration(cloudy urine)
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| show | Diminished production of normal RBC's, WBC's and platelets
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| show | Acute Leukemia
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| Leukemia that the predominant cell is the more mature WBC's | show 🗑
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| show | Subleukemic Leukemia
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| show | Aleukemic Leukemia
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| Etiology of Leukemia? | show 🗑
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| show | splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, fever, anemia, hemorrhage, infection
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| Pediatric Leukemia | show 🗑
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| History of ALL? | show 🗑
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| show | WBC elevated, Anemia, leukemic lymphoblasts in the peripheral blood smear(PBS)
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| Adult Leukemia | show 🗑
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| show | AML
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| M:F Ratio of AML | show 🗑
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| show | Fatigue, bleeding, difficulty clearing infections
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| Lab findings of AML? | show 🗑
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| Most common form of leukemia in adults in the US? | show 🗑
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| Predominant age for CLL | show 🗑
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| show | Insidious onset normally discovered incidentally. Asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Enlarged nodes, early satiety, enlarged spleen, mucocutaneous bleeding and/or petechiae due to thrombocytopenia, fevers and night sweats.
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| Lab findings of CLL | show 🗑
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| Leukemia with the proliferation of myeloid precursors? | show 🗑
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| Hallmark of CML is what? | show 🗑
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| History of CML? | show 🗑
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| show | WBC markedly increased, granulocytes in all stages of development, basophilia, eosinophila, platelets can be normal, elevated or low on occasion
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