Quiz 1
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| Normal urine color? | show 🗑
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| Reddish amber urine color? | show 🗑
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| show | infection/diseases
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| Brownish yellow or green urine color? | show 🗑
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| show | blood
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| Yellow foam in urine? | show 🗑
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| White foam in urine? | show 🗑
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| show | AGN
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| show | Aromatic
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| Ammoniacal odor of urine? | show 🗑
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| show | Ketone bodies = DM
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| show | bacterial infection
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| show | specific gravity
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| Normal ranges for specific gravity? | show 🗑
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| Low specific gravity indicates what? | show 🗑
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| show | Diabetes Mellitus
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| Fixed specific gravity at 1.010 indicates what? | show 🗑
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| Normal pH levels? | show 🗑
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| Low pH levels of urine? | show 🗑
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| High pH levls of urine? | show 🗑
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| show | renal disease
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| show | That it's not neccisarily renal disease
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| show | albumin
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| Dominant constituent in proteinuria? | show 🗑
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| show | functional because there are no tests or aha lesions; orthostatic proteinuria
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| Type of proteinuria that is associated with demonstrable systemic disease or rernal pathology? | show 🗑
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| show | prerenal, renal, postrenal
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| show | 180mg/100ml serum glucose level
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| show | Any cause of increased blood glucose, endocrine disorders, major trauma, stroke, MI, burns, infections...
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| show | Treatment with ascorbic acid, levodopa, or mercurial diuretics
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| show | diabetes mellitus
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| Ketonuria appears when? | show 🗑
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| Conditions of ketonuria include what? | show 🗑
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| show | hematuria
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| show | hemoglobinuria
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| show | trauma or irritation
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| Causes of hemoglobinuria | show 🗑
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| show | muscular destruction; hypothermia, convulsions and extensive exertions
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| show | failure to mix or large doses of vitamin C
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| show | trichomonas organisms
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| Nitrites in urine tests for what? | show 🗑
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| show | 4 hours
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| Appearance of urinary bilirubin can be a sign of what? | show 🗑
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| show | conjugated water soluble bilirubin
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| Reference range of RBC's, WBC's and casts under a microscopic exam of a urinary sediment? | show 🗑
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| Best specimen for a microscopic exam of urine? | show 🗑
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| Clinical significant hematuria under a microscope? | show 🗑
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| Clinical significant pyuria under a microscope? | show 🗑
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| show | benign hematuria or a vaginal contaminant
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| show | pyuria
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| Pyuria of renal origin is usually accompanied by what? | show 🗑
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| UTI's tend to be accompanied by what? | show 🗑
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| show | >10 squamous epi cells per lpf
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| show | Casts seen in exercisers
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| show | advanced kidney failure
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| show | AGN
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| show | Acute pyelonephritis and WBC's uriginate in the kidney
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| show | nephrotic syndrome
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| Fatty, RBC and WBC casts are always what? | show 🗑
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| A few hyaline and granular casts have what? | show 🗑
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| show | Hematopoiesis
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| show | medullary hematopoiesis
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| show | Extramedullary hematopoiesis
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| show | Erythropoiesis
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| Specific hormone which responds to hypoxia? Originating where? | show 🗑
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| show | orthochromatic normoblast
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| Erthryocyte stage where there is no nucleus, cytoplasm is slight blute and is larger than the mature rbc? AKA what? | show 🗑
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| show | 7.2 micra
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| 5 hemoglobin types? | show 🗑
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| show | Hb F
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| show | Hb A
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| show | Extravasclar hemolysis
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| show | Intravascular hemolysis
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| CBC includes what? | show 🗑
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| show | anemias or erythrocytosis (Opposites)
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| show | Decreased
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| Improper what will give you a false increase in Hb? | show 🗑
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| RR for Hb? | show 🗑
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| show | <13 in males and <11 in females
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| What will increase the Hb levels? | show 🗑
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| show | dilutional pseudoanemia seen in pregnancy and athletes
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| RR for RBC count? | show 🗑
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| show | Various anemias
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| Increased in RBC's? | show 🗑
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| show | Hematocrit
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| show | Hb x 3
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| Falsely elevated Hct | show 🗑
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| Falsely decreased Hct | show 🗑
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| RR for Hct | show 🗑
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| What is used to determine the morphologic type of anemia? | show 🗑
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| show | Mean Corpuscular(Cell) Volume (MCV)
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| show | 80-100 femtoliters(fl)
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| show | macrocytic anemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, alcoholism, liver disease, hypothyroidism, infants and newborns
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| show | iron deficiency anemias, Thalassemias, Hereditary sideroblasic anemia, lead poisening, chronic disease anemia
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| show | Folate or B12 deficiency, Chronic liver disease, chronic alcoholism, reticulocytosis, myxedema
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| show | Chronic iron deficiency, alpha or beta thalassemia, anemia of chronic disease, sideroblastic anemia
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| show | Mean Cell Hemoglobin(MCH)
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| show | 27-33 picograms(pg)
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| Increased MCH | show 🗑
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| show | microcytic and normocytic anemias
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| show | Mean Cell Hb Concentration(MCHC)
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| Decreased MCHC | show 🗑
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| Increased MCHC | show 🗑
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| Better test for identifing hypochromasia? | show 🗑
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| RR of MCHC | show 🗑
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| Index of RBC size differences and useful in drawing attention to anisocytosis, a marker for various anemias | show 🗑
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| T/F: RDW is never decreased | show 🗑
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| show | RDW
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| show | 11-15%
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| show | 4,500-11,000/microliter
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| show | Leukopenia
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| show | Leukocytosis
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| show | Viral infections
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| show | Bacterial infections
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| Platelets | show 🗑
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| RR of platelets | show 🗑
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| show | Thrombocythemia; Malignancy
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| Decreased platelet count? | show 🗑
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| show | Bleeding tendency
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| What two tests will give 90% of all the diagnostic info obtainable by the hematologic examinations? | show 🗑
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| Peripheral blood smear tests for what? | show 🗑
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| show | anemias, leukemias and platelet abnormalities
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| Variation in RBC sizes and by what? | show 🗑
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| show | poikilocytosis
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| show | polychromasia
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| show | microcytes and macrocytes; MCV
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| show | Schistocytes
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| Spiky RBC's? and what causes them? | show 🗑
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| show | artifact, liver disease, renal disease, hyperlipidemia
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| show | hemolytic anemia due to an oxidizing agent(Heinz body anemia)
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| Shaped cell seen in thalassemia? | show 🗑
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| show | myeloid metaplasia, CML
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| Stacked up coins and what causes them? | show 🗑
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| RBC type caused by lead poisoning? | show 🗑
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| RBC type caused by magaloblastic anemias and thalassemia? | show 🗑
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| RBC type caused by an increased iron load? | show 🗑
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| Pale RBC's caused by what? | show 🗑
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| show | Hyperchromic
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| Reticulocytes are what color? | show 🗑
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| show | infection
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| Neutrophils with > than 5 nuclear lobes is called what and seen in what? | show 🗑
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| Reactive lymphocytes are seen in what and look like what? | show 🗑
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| show | leukoerythroblastosis; leukemia
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| Normal range of neutrophils and increased in what? | show 🗑
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| show | neutrophilic leukocytosis
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| Decreased neutrophils is called what? | show 🗑
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| Normal range for eosinophils? | show 🗑
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| show | eosinophilia; parasites and acute allergic reactions
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| show | 0-1%
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| show | basophilia; bad to be increased, seen in myeloproliferative disorders
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| Normal range of lymphocytes? | show 🗑
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| show | lymphocytosis; viral infections
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| show | lymphocytopenia; immunodeficiency syndromes (AIDS)
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| show | 2-10%
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| Increased monocytes is called what and what does it mean to be increased? | show 🗑
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| Hematological test of inflammation? | show 🗑
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| ESR Test | show 🗑
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| RR for ESR | show 🗑
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| show | males = age/2
females = age + 10/2
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| Bad nodes? | show 🗑
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| show | malignant reticulum cell; Reed-Sternberg Cells
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| Male:female ratio? | show 🗑
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| Bimodal age distributions? | show 🗑
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| show | localized, progressive, painless lymphadenopathy; unilater nodes at neck; intense pruritus; night sweats, Pel-Ebstein Fever, weight loss, anorexia; immediate pain after alcohol
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| Lab findings of Hodgkins? | show 🗑
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| show | fever of unknown origin, pruritus and lymphadenopathy
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| show | lymph node biopsy
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| show | polycythemia vera; stem cell CA
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| Myeloproliferative clonal disorder marked by increased RBC(erythrocytosis) with excessive erythroid, myeloid and megakaryocytic elements in the BM. Increased RBC, WBC and Platelets. | show 🗑
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| show | asymptomatic or present with nonspecific complaints, erythromelalgia (burning pain of feets/hands), pruritus
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| show | Organomegaly(liver and spleen), facial plethora(Redness of face)
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| show | Inc. RBC, Inc. Hct, Dec. EPO, Thrombocytosis, Leukocytosis, hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia
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| show | phlebotomy
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| show | Hypoxia, high altitude, chronic lung disease, hormonal
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| Relative erythrocytosis | show 🗑
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| Overview of leukemia? | show 🗑
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| Leukemia that the predominant cell is usually the blast WBC(young WBC) | show 🗑
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| show | Chronic Leukemia
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| Leukemia in which the total peripheral blood WBC count is within the RR but a significant number of immature cells are present as well | show 🗑
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| show | Aleukemic Leukemia
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| show | virus's, ionizing radiation, chemical leukemogens and genetic defects
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| show | splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, fever, anemia, hemorrhage, infection
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| Pediatric Leukemia | show 🗑
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| History of ALL? | show 🗑
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| show | WBC elevated, Anemia, leukemic lymphoblasts in the peripheral blood smear(PBS)
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| Adult Leukemia | show 🗑
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| show | AML
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| show | Men>Females
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| History of AML? | show 🗑
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| show | Leukocytosis, myeloblasts with auer rods
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| show | Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia(CLL)
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| show | elderly, 70 years old
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| show | Insidious onset normally discovered incidentally. Asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Enlarged nodes, early satiety, enlarged spleen, mucocutaneous bleeding and/or petechiae due to thrombocytopenia, fevers and night sweats.
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| show | Absolute lymphocytosis, ruptured lymphocytes(smudge cells) and mature-appearing small lymphocytes
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| Leukemia with the proliferation of myeloid precursors? | show 🗑
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| show | Philadelphia chromosome
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| show | Splenomegaly is usually moderate but may be extreme
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| Lab findings of CML? | show 🗑
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