Nervous System Reverse Definitions
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| A collection of nerve bodies | ganglion
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| A large bundle of axons wrapped in connective tissue | nerve
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| A long, single projection that transmits impulses from the cell body | axon
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| Functional connection between two neurons or between a neuron and its effector organ (muscle or gland) is a gap or space |
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| A progressive, degenerative disease of the myelin sheath, striking young adults aged 20-40; signs and symptoms include tremors, muscle weakness and slowness of movement | multiple sclerosis (MS)
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| A recurrent disorder of cerebral functions characterized by seizures | epilepsy
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| A small space found between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another | synapse
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| A spinal puncture at the base of the brain to extract fluid or inject medication | cisternal puncture
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| Abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli | lethargy
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| Abnormal rhythm, such as electrical disturbances in the brain | dysrythmia
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| Abnormal deep unconsciousness with absence of voluntary response to stimuli | coma
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| Abnormally small head | microcephaly
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| Accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure, thinning of brain tissue and separation of cranial bones | hydrocephalus
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| Act upon nerves or nerve tracts to affect a local area only | local anesthetics
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| Act upon the brain to produce complete loss of feeling with loss of consciousness | general anesthetics
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| Acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver, and possibly pancreas, heart, kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes | Reye syndrome
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| Acute inflammatory eruption of highly painful vesicles on the trunk of the body or, occasionally, the face, also called shingles | herpes zoster
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| Additional sheath external to myelin that is formed in the peripheral nervous system | neurilemma
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| Agents that relieve pain by inhibiting the passage of pain impulses | analgesics
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| Also known as motor nerves, conduct impulses away from the central nervous system | efferent nerves
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| Also known as sensory nerves, conduct impulses toward the central nervous system | afferent nerves
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| Angiography in combination with a CT scan to produce high-resolution, three-dimensional vascular images of the blood vessels | CT angiography
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| Any disease of the spinal cord | spinal stenosis
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| Any sudden and violent contraction of one or move voluntary muscles | convulsion
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| Autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves in which myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex, and sudden muscle weakness | Guillain-Barre syndrome
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| Branching cytoplasmic projections that receive impulses and transit them to the cell body | dendrites
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| Breif loss of consciousness and posture caused by a temporary decrease of blood flow to the brain; also called fainting | blackout
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| Broad term that refers to congenitive deficit, including memory impairment | dementia
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| Carry or move away from a central structure | efferent
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| Carry or move inward toward a central structure | afferent
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| The impulses within the transmitting axon causes a chemical substances to be released at the end of its axon. It diffuses across the synapse | neurotransmitter
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| Complex neural system located beneath the cerebrum that controls basic emotions and drives and plays an important role in memory |
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| Computed tomography that records the positrons emitted from a radiopharmaceutical and produce a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease | single-photon emission computed tomography
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| Congenital deformity in which some or all of fetal brain is missing | microcephaly
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| Congenital deformity of the neural tube which fails to close during fetal development; also called neural tube defect | anencephalay or spina bifida
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| Control tremors and muscle rigidity associated with Parkinson disease by increasing dopamine in the brain | antiparkinsonian agents
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| Conveys sensory impulses to the brain from different parts of the body and also transmits motor impulses away from the brain to all muscles and organs | spinal cord
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| CT scan of the lumbar region after injection of a contrast medium to detect problems with the spine and spinal nerve roots | x-ray CT scan
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| Depress central nervous system functions, promote sedation and sleep, and relieve agitation, anxiousness, and restlessness | hypnotics
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| Developmental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawl and an abnormal absorption in fantasy, usually accompanied by an inability to communicate even on a basic level | autism
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| Eating disorder characterized by binging and purging | bulimia nervosa
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| Excessive movement | hyperkinesia
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| Excision of a ganglion | ganglionectomy
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| Facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of the seventh cranial nerve | Bell palsy
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| Form of spina bifida in which ine or more vertebrae are malformed and the spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin | occulta spina bifida
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| Form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine | meningocele spina bifida
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| Genetic enzyme deficiency characterized by progressive mental challenges, paralysis, blindness, inability to eat and ultimately to death by age of four years | Tay-Sach's disease
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| Hydrocephalus caused by factors that occur during fetal development or as a result of genetic abnormalities | congenital hydrocephalus
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| Hydrocephalus that develops at birth or any time afterward as a result of injury or disease | hydrocephalus ex-vacou
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| Inability to comprehend auditory, cisual, spatial olfactory or other sensations even though the sensory sphere is intact | agnosia
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| Inability to learn and process written language despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability and exposure | dyslexia
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| Inability to speak | aphasia
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| Incision into the skull | craniotomy
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| Includes all nervouse tissue of the body found | peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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| Inflammation of the brain | encephalitis
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| Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscular deformity and paralysis | Huntingtin chorea
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| Injury to the brain, occasionally with transcient loss of consciousness as a result of injury or trauma to the head | concussion
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| Injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed | closed head trauma
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| Innermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord | pia mater
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| Involuntary tremble or shake | tremor
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| Involuntary, spasmodic muscular contractions, usually of the face and neck | tics
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| Laboratory test to examine a sample of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord; used to diagnose disorders of the central nervous system, including viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage | CFS analysis
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| Lack of muscle coordination portion of the brain whose major functions include sensory perception and interpretation, muscular movement and emotional aspects of behaviour and memory | cerebrum
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| Loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation | paralysis
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| Major emotional disorder in which contact with reality is lost to the point that the individual is incapable of meeting challenges of daily life | psychosis
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| Major section of the brain that serves as a pathway for impulses conduction between the brain and spinal cord | brain stem
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| Medication the depresses CNS activity; has a calming effect | sedative
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| Medications used to reduce tension and anxiety without decreasing the level of consciousness | tranquilizers
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| Mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, emotion, energy and ability to function: also called manic-depressive illness | bipolar disorder
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| Middle layer covering the brain, between the dura mater and the pia mater | arachnoid membrane
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| Mood disorder associated with sadness, despair, discouragement, and, commonly, feelings of low self-esteem, guild and withdrawl | depression
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| Mood disorder characterized by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganized behaviour, and excessively elevated mood | mania
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| Most severe form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine | myelomeningocele
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| Needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnosis purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids to be injected; also called spinal puncture and spinal tap | lumbar puncture
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| Nerves composed of both sensory and motor nerves | mixed nerves
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| Noninvasive neuroimaging technique to pinpoint the specific location where seizure activity originates and enable custom surgical treatment for tumor and epileptic tissue resection; also called magnetoencephalography | magnetic source imaging (MSI)
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| Nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behaviour | neurosis
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| Occurring without a known cause | idiopathic
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| One of the two parts of the peripheral nervous system which conveys impulses to glands, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles | autonomic nervous system (ANS)
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| One of the two parts of the peripheral nervous system which conveys impulses for voluntary functions | somatic nervous system
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| Organ chamber or cavity that receives or holds fluid |
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| Outermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord | dura mater
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| Pain in the spinal cord | myelalgia
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| Paralysis of both arms and legs, commonly resulting in bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction | quadriplegia paralysis
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| Paralysis of both lower limbs, typically as a result of trauma or disease of the lower spinal cord | paraplegia paralysis
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| Paralysis of one side of the body, typically as the result of a stroke; also called unilateral paralysis | hemiparalysis
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| Paralysis, usually partial and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor | palsy
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| Part of the autonomic nervous system. Reverses effects of the sympathetic nervous system | parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
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| Part of the autonomic nervous system. When in use may cause symptoms such as accelerated heart rate and increased blood pressure | sympathetic nervous system
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| partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain, involuntary movements, including tremors in Parkinson disease or emotional distrubances | thalamotomy
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| Poor development | dystrophy
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| Precisely focused radiation beams are used to treat tremors and other abnormal growths in the brain, spinal column and other body sites, and delivers high doses of radiation to the tumor with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissue | ventricle
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| Prevent uncontrolled neuron activity associated with seizures by altering electrical transmission along neurons or altering the chemical composition of neurotransmitters; also called antiepileptics | anticonvulsants
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| Produce partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness | anesthetics
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| Progressive neurological disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by memory loss, impaired judgement and impaired orientation | Alzheimer's disease
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| Protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering delicate brain tissue | blood-brain barrier
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| Radiographic examination to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of the spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors, following injection of a contrast medium | myelography
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| Radiographic image of the inside of a blood vessel after introduction of a contrast medium; also called arteriography | angiography
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| Recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses | electroencephalography (EEG)
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| Recording of electrical signals that occur in a muscle when its at rest and during contraction to assess nerve damage | electromyography (EMG)
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| Reduce impulsive behaviour by increasing the level of neurotransmitters | psychostimulants
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| Relieves intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus by diverting excess cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles into the peritoneal or thoracic cavity | ventriculoperitoneal shunting
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| Second largest part of the brain; occupies the back of the brain; refines movement when the cerebrum initiates muscular movement; aids in maintaining equilibrium | cerebellum
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| Sensation of numbness, pricking, tingling or heightened sensitivity | paraethesia
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| Star-shaped neuroglia, which forms the blood-brain barrier, allowing only small molecules to be transferred from the blood to the brain | astrocytes
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| Stupor or sleep-inducing drugs, containing opium | opiates
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| Stuporous or unresponsiveness; inability to move or talk | catatonic
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| Sudden, intense, overwhelming feeling of fear that comes without warning and is not attributable to any immediate danger | panic attack
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| Surgical freeing of a nerve from an adhesion | neurolysis
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| Technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure | trephination
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| Technique that exposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it | cryosurgery
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| Test that measures the speed at which nerve impulses travel through a nerve | nerve conduction velocity
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| Tree membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord; dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater | meninges
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| Transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord | tractotomy
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| Treat multiple symptoms of depression by increasing levels of specific neurotransmitters | antidepressants
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| Treat psychosis, paranoia, and schizophrenia by altering chemicals in the brain, including the limbic system which controls emotions | antipsychotics
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| Type of paralysis that affects movement and body position and, sometimes, speech and learning ability | cerebral palsy
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| Type of regional anesthetic to block pain from the area supplied by that nerve |
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| Ultrasound technique used to study intracranial structures of the brain and, especially, diagnose conditions that cause a shift in the midline structures of the brain | echoencephalography
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| Weakness, debility or loss of strength | asthenia
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| Axons posses, a white lipoid covering acts as an electrical insulator that reduces the possibility of an impulse stimulating adjacent nerves in the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system | myelin sheath
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| Without feeling; loss of sensation | anesthesia
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