Endocrine System - Q – Diagnostic Terms & A – Meaning
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Cushing syndrome | a collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of cortisol hormone; may be due to excessive production by the adrenal gland (often because of a tumor), or, more commonly, occurs as a side effect of treatment with glucocorticoid (steroid)
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| adrenal virilism | excessive output of the adrenal secretion of androgen (male sex hormone) in adult women caused by a tumor or hyperplasia; evidenced by amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), acne, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice (virilis = masculine)
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| Pancreas | 0
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| diabetes mellitus (DM) | metabolic disorder caused by the absence or insufficient production of insulin secreted by the pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia and glucosuria (diabetes = passing through; mellitus = sugar)
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| type 1 diabetes mellitus | diabetes in which no beta-cell production of insulin occurs and the patient is dependent on insulin for survival
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| type 2 diabetes mellitus | diabetes in which either the body produces insufficient insulin or insulin resistance (a defective use of the insulin that is produced) occurs; the patient usually is not dependent on insulin for survival
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| hyperinsulinism | a condition resulting from an excessive amount of insulin in the blood that draws sugar out of the bloodstream, resulting in hypoglycemia, fainting, and convulsions; often caused by an overdose of insulin or by a tumor of the pancreas
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| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas
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| Parathyroid Glands | 0
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| hyperparathyroidism | hypersecretion of the parathyroid glands, usually caused by a tumor
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| hypoparathyroidism | hyposecretion of the parathyroid glands
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| acromegaly | disease characterized by enlarged features, especially of the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone after puberty, when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
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| ak-rō-meg′ă-lē | 0
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| pituitary dwarfism (Fig. 9-5) | a condition of congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone that slows growth and causes short, yet proportionate, stature (not affecting intelligence); often treated during childhood with growth hormone; other forms of dwarfism are most often caused by gen
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| pi-tū′i-tār-ē dwōrf′izm | 0
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| pituitary gigantism | a condition of hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood bone development that leads to an abnormal overgrowth of bone, especially of the long bones; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
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| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation (goiter = throat)
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| hyperthyroidism | a condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by nervousness, weight loss, rapid pulse, protrusion of the eyeball (exophthalmos), goiter, etc.; see Comparison of Symptoms in table on page 457
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| Graves disease | the most common form of hyperthyroidism; caused by an autoimmune defect that creates antibodies that stimulate the overproduction of thyroid hormones; exophthalmos is a featured characteristic
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| hypothyroidism | a condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness, slow pulse, and, often, obesity; see Comparison of Symptoms in table on page 457
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| myxedema | advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin (myx = mucus)
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| cretinism | condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
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| Cushing syndrome | a collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of cortisol hormone; may be due to excessive production by the adrenal gland (often because of a tumor), or, more commonly, occurs as a side effect of treatment with glucocorticoid (steroid)
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| adrenal virilism | excessive output of the adrenal secretion of androgen (male sex hormone) in adult women caused by a tumor or hyperplasia; evidenced by amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), acne, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice (virilis = masculine)
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| Pancreas | 0
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| diabetes mellitus (DM) | metabolic disorder caused by the absence or insufficient production of insulin secreted by the pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia and glucosuria (diabetes = passing through; mellitus = sugar)
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| type 1 diabetes mellitus | diabetes in which no beta-cell production of insulin occurs and the patient is dependent on insulin for survival
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| type 2 diabetes mellitus | diabetes in which either the body produces insufficient insulin or insulin resistance (a defective use of the insulin that is produced) occurs; the patient usually is not dependent on insulin for survival
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| hyperinsulinism | a condition resulting from an excessive amount of insulin in the blood that draws sugar out of the bloodstream, resulting in hypoglycemia, fainting, and convulsions; often caused by an overdose of insulin or by a tumor of the pancreas
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| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas
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| Parathyroid Glands | 0
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| hyperparathyroidism | hypersecretion of the parathyroid glands, usually caused by a tumor
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| hypoparathyroidism | hyposecretion of the parathyroid glands
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| acromegaly | disease characterized by enlarged features, especially of the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone after puberty, when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
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| ak-rō-meg′ă-lē | 0
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| pituitary dwarfism (Fig. 9-5) | a condition of congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone that slows growth and causes short, yet proportionate, stature (not affecting intelligence); often treated during childhood with growth hormone; other forms of dwarfism are most often caused by gen
🗑
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| pi-tū′i-tār-ē dwōrf′izm | 0
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| pituitary gigantism | a condition of hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood bone development that leads to an abnormal overgrowth of bone, especially of the long bones; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
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| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation (goiter = throat)
🗑
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| hyperthyroidism | a condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by nervousness, weight loss, rapid pulse, protrusion of the eyeball (exophthalmos), goiter, etc.; see Comparison of Symptoms in table on page 457
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| Graves disease | the most common form of hyperthyroidism; caused by an autoimmune defect that creates antibodies that stimulate the overproduction of thyroid hormones; exophthalmos is a featured characteristic
🗑
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| hypothyroidism | a condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness, slow pulse, and, often, obesity; see Comparison of Symptoms in table on page 457
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| myxedema | advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin (myx = mucus)
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| cretinism | condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
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