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Musculoskeletal system - Q – Anatomic Terms Related to bones & A – Meaning

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Question
Answer
appendicular skeleton   bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities  
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axial skeleton   bones of the skull, vertebral column (Fig. 4-3), chest, and hyoid bone (U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue)  
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bone   specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells); forms the skeleton  
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compact bone   tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bones  
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spongy bone   mesh-like bone tissue found in the interior of bones, and surrounding the medullary cavity  
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long bones   bones of the arms and legs  
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short bones   bones of the wrist and ankles  
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flat bones   bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull  
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irregular bones   bones of the vertebrae and face  
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sesamoid bones   round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella)  
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Parts of a Long Bone (Fig. 4-4)   0  
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epiphysis   wide ends of a long bone (physis = growth)  
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diaphysis   shaft of a long bone  
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metaphysis   growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of a long bone  
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endosteum   membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone  
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medullary cavity   cavity within the shaft of the long bones; filled with bone marrow  
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bone marrow   soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones  
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red bone marrow   functions to form red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets; found in the cavities of most bones in infantsand in the flat bones in adults  
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yellow bone marrow   gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells  
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periosteum   a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone  
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articular cartilage   a gristle-like substance on bones where they articulate  
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