Clinical Medcine
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| List the 5 categories of theories regarding the etiology of fibromyalgia. | Muscle pathology, Neuroendocrine/ANS, Genetics, Pain perception & processing, Psychosocial
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| 45 year old female presents complaining of morning stiffness, multiple tender MS areas, & fatigue. She reports a history of chronic headaches. No inflammation on exam. Likely Dx? | Fibromyalgia
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| Remember that 25% of patients with autoimmune disorders have co-morbid ___________. | Fibromyalgia
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| List the 5 MC items in the DDx for fibromyalgia that must be ruled out to make diagnosis. | Statins, Myasthenia Gravis, RA, Hypothyroidism, Polymyalgia Rheumatica
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| 2 medications that have the strongest evidence of efficacy in treating fibromyalgia? | Amitriptyline & Cyclobenzaprine (others - Prozac, Cymbalta, Lyrica)
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| 2 non-pharmacologic therapies to help with fibromyalgia ? | Improve sleep, exercise (start low & build slow)
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| Typical spondyloarthritis patient? (Age, sex) | Man under 40 (probably in teens/20s)
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| HLA-B27 is associated with? | Spondyloarthritis
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| 27 year old male presents complaining of prolonged low back morning stiffness and alternating low back pain. XR shows sacroiliitis and syndesmophytes (Bamboo Spine). Dx? | Ankylosing Spondylitis
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| A tape measure is placed b/w 2 pts on the L-spine 10 cm apart while standing. Pt then bends forward completely, and distance is re-measured. If expansion is <10cm, suspect? What is this test called? | Ankylosing Spondylitis; Schober Test
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| Increase in measurement from occiput-to-wall over time can detect changes in spinal curvature associated with? | Ankylosing Spondylitis
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| Most common medication for treatment of early/mild ankylosing spondylitis? | NSAIDs (+/-steroid injections)
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| Sulfasalazine helps with _______arthritis but not ________ arthritis in ankylosing spondylitis. | Peripheral, spinal
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| Most effective treatment for axial & peripheral arthritis in ankylosing spondylitis? | Anti-TNF alpha
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| Reiter's syndrome triad includes: | Urethritis, reactive arthritis, conjunctivitis (or uveitis)
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| Reactive arthritis is most typically associated with what bacterial infection? | Chlamydia
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| Circinate Balanitis & Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum are sx associated with? | Reactive Arthritis
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| ________ _________ is the only type of spondyloarthritis that is typically self-limiting. | Reactive Arthritis
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| 25 year old male presents complaining swollen, painful knee, pain near Achilles Tendon, low back pain, and psoriatic rash on soles of feet. Reports unprotected sex about 4 weeks ago. Dx? | Reactive Arthritis
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| Arthritis Mutilans may be seen in? | Psoriatic Arthritis
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| Name 3 nail findings associated with psoriatic arthritis: | Nail pitting, onycholysis, oil drop sign
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| XR showing pencil in cup deformity- likely dx? | Psoriatic Arthritis
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| 29 year old female presents with joint pain and swelling to R Knee, 3rd PIP, DIP, and a swollen toe. Nail pitting on exam. Likely dx? | Psoriatic Arthritis
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| Uveitis, pulmonary fibrosis, & aortic insufficiency are complications that may occur due to what type of spondyloarthritis? | Psoriatic Arthritis
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| What 2 drugs can help with both the skin & joint manifestations of psoriatic arthritis? | MTX & anti-TNF alpha
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| Erythema Nodosum & Pyoderma Gangrenosum are associated with? | Enteropathic Arthritis
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| 28 year old male presents complaining of R knee & L ankle pain & inflammation. He reports frequent mouth ulcers and skin changes that look like bruises. Likely Dx? | Enteropathic Arthritis
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| 2 most common meds used to treat enteropathic arthritis? | Azathioprine & Mesalamine (+/- anti-TNF)
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| Complications of this type of spondylitis may include acute ant uveitis, aortic insufficiency, heart block, restrictive lung dz, apical fibrocystic dz, amyloidosis, osteopenia, & cauda equina syndrome | Ankylosing Spondylitis
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| Inflammation with tendon and ligament disruption at site of insertion into bone, frequently causing heel pain. | Enthesitis
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| OA is the destruction of _______ cartilage | Articular (Hyaline)
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| In OA, a(n) __________ in water content occurs first, followed by a(n) _________ in water content later | increase, decrease
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| 60 year old female patient presents complaining of progressively worsening dull aching knee pain with swelling. Pain improves with rest and is worsened by activity. Dx? | OA
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| Hip OA pain is typically referred to the ______. | Groin
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| Strongest risk factor for developing OA? | AGE (due to decrease in chondrocytes & muscle atrophy)
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| Women typically have ______ rates of OA than men because of ________ defiency | higher, estrogen
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| Biomechanical structures associated with an increased risk of developing OA include: (3 items) | Repeated joint stress, trauma, infection
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| Hemochromatosis, ochronosis, and increased bone mineral density are metabolic processes associated with an increased risk in? | OA
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| Only controllable risk factor for OA? | Obesity
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| Bouchard's nodes affect which joints? | PIPs
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| Heberden's nodes affect which joints? | DIPs
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| Which size joints does OA typically affect? | Large
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| A synovial fluid analysis showing transparent yellow fluid with 1000 WBC, 10% PMNs, and a negative culture is likely due to a(n)________ condition such as ____. | Non-inflammatory; OA
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| Whitening around a joint seen on XR is called? Associated with? | Subchondral Sclerosis; OA
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| Osteophytes, joint space narrowing, chondrocalcinosis, & subchondral cysts are XR findings associated with? | OA
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| Supplements that may help with OA? | Glucosamine & Chondroitin
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| Steroid injections for OA can be given every __ months for 1-2 years before other options should be considered. | 3
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| 5 Painful injections given 1 week apart that help with moderate OA by lubricating the joints - AKA? | Viscosupplementation
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| A minimally invasive surgical procedure used in OA to buy time or postpone a definitive procedure? | Arthroscopy
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| A definitive procedure that can provide pain relief in OA but is rarely done because of the obvious limitations it can create. | Arthrodesis (Joint fusion)
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| Most common definitive surgical procedure done in OA that has a limited life span and can't always be done on everyone. | Arthroplasty (Joint replacement)
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| Best weight loss activity for patients with OA? | Swimming (non-weight bearing exercise)
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| Rare, chronic connective tissue disease characterized by hardening of the skin & internal organs including GI tract, lungs, heart, & kidneys. | Systemic Sclerosis
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| Highest prevalence of systemic sclerosis is seen in which ethnicity? | Choctaw Native Americans
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| Type of systemic sclerosis in which 50% have early GI or pulmonary involvement, later onset Raynaud's, dilation & drop out of nail fold capillaries, and anti-Scl70 are present. | Diffuse Cutaneous
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| Type of systemic sclerosis in which skin distal to elbows and knees & the face is involved, Raynaud's precedes skin dz, usually have esophageal & lung involvement, dilated nail fold capillaries, & anti-centromere present. | Limited Cutaneous
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| Type of systemic sclerosis in which there is visceral involvement but no skin changes. | Systemic Sclerosis sin Scleroderma
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| Typical scleroderma patient (sex & age?) | Female (3:1) aged 30-50
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| There may be a possible environmental role to the development of systemic sclerosis because a +_____ was found in many spouses of scleroderma patients. | ANA
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| Pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: Genetic susceptibility+_______ insult or ___________ trigger & microchimerism (in females) leads to immune & vascular pblms, which leads to ________ activation & growth and eventually fibrosis. | viral, environmental, fibroblast
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| What testing is key in systemic sclerosis patients because of likely pulmonary involvement? | PFTs (esp DLCO-diffuse lung capacity of CO)
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| 3 phases of cutaneous disease in systemic sclerosis? | Inflammatory edematous, indurative, atrophic
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| "Watermelon Stomach" is a clinical finding associated with? | Diffuse Cutaneous systemic sclerosis
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| Pulmonary HTN is more common in which type of systemic sclerosis? | Limited Cutaneous systemic sclerosis
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| Interstitial lung disease is more common in which type of systemic sclerosis? | Diffuse Cutaneous systemic sclerosis
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| Useful procedure for looking at nail fold capillaries to help in diagnosing systemic sclerosis? | Capillary scope
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| Limited systemic sclerosis is more typically associated with _____GI disease. | Upper
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| Renal complication associated with systemic sclerosis? | Renal crisis (malignant HTN, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia)
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| ______ _____ _________ have been attempted to treat systemic sclerosis but have a 50% mortality rate | Stem cell transplants
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| Treatment for systemic sclerosis is mostly aimed at controlling ________ and preventing _________. | Symptoms, complications
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| Mainstay for GI sx control in systemic sclerosis? | PPIs
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| BP control in systemic sclerosis is typically with? | ACEI
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| Genetic component in inflammatory myopathies may be ______ than other autoimmune disorders. | Less
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| The seasonal incidence of inflammatory myopathies may suggest a _______ cause. | Viral
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| Criteria that must be met to diagnose polymyositis? | Symmetrical proximal muscle weakness (with or without dysphagia/resp muscle involvement), abnormal muscle biopsy, elevated skeletal muscle enzymes, abnormal electromyogram
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| Criteria that must be met to diagnose dermatomyositis? | 3 criteria from PM + skin rash
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| Dermatomyositis is __-cell mediated. Cellular infiltrate is mostly peri-_______ & peri-________. Primary lesion is in the ______ _______. Infiltrate is mostly B-cells & increased ratio of CD_+ to CD_+ T-cells. | B, fascicular, vascular, blood vessels, 4, 8
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| In polymyositis, the cellular infiltrate is primarily in the _______ with inflammatory cells invading the ______ ______. Increased # of cytotoxic CD+_ T cells | Fascicle, muscle fiber, 8
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| Violaceous papules, plaques over the MCPs, PIPs, & DIPs are called? And they are associated with? | Gottron's Papules; Dermatomyositis
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| Symmetrical macular erythema over bony prominences like the small joints of hands, elbows, knees, & malleoli is called? And is associated with? | Gottron's Sign; Dermatomyositis
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| Violaceous erythema around eyelids often with periorbital edema is called? And is associated with? | Heliotrope; dermatomyositis
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| Dilated capillary loops near the nail cuticle causes? Associated with? | Periungual Telangiectasia; Dermatomyositis
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| Symmetrical macular erythema including tendon streaking on hands, shawl sign, on the V-area of neck, face, scalp, and hips is seen with? | Dermatomyositis
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| Associated features of inflammatory myopathies may include (4 items)? | Nonerosive arthropathy, interstitial lung disease, Raynaud's, Mechanic's hands
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| List the muscle enzymes that may be elevated with inflammatory myopathies (6) | CPK, aldolase, LDH, ALT, AST, Troponin
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| Which muscle enzyme is followed to monitor disease activity in inflammatory myopathies? | CPK
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| Which type of MRI should be done before muscle biopsy to confirm correct area? | T2
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| An EMG of a patient with an inflammatory myopathy would show: ________ insertional activity & spontaneous fibrillations. Abnormally _____ amplitude, short duration polyphasic motor potentials, & bizarre _____ frequency discharges. | Increased, low, high
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| A muscle biopsy should be done on the _______ side that the EMG was done on. | Contralateral
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| What lab(s) tell you the phenotype of a patient's inflammatory myopathy? | Myositis specific antibodies
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| 1st medication given to a patient with known inflammatory myopathy?? | High dose steroids
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| Other medications (besides steroids) used to treat inflammatory myopathies? (5 drugs!-MAMIR) | MTX, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, IVIG, Rituximab
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| There is a 17-40x increased risk of _______ CA with dermatomyositis. | Ovarian
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| Which type of inflammatory myopathy has the highest incidence of malignancy? | Dermatomyositis
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| Elderly patient presents complaining of proximal & distal muscle weakness that is asymmetric. Biopsy shows red-rimmed vacuoles inside the muscle cells. Likely Dx? Tx? | Inclusion Body Myositis; No proven treatment
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| Vasculitic syndromes can occur due to a combination of several mechanisms including ________ predisposition and _________ factors like toxins (silica, abestos, pesticides), drugs (Hydralazine, penicillamine, PTU), or bacterial infections. | Genetic, environmental
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| All patients with vasculitis will have an elevated _____ and evidence of _________. Some may have a +_____. | ESR, ischemia, ANCA
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| If a patient presents with a purpuritic rash, fever, unexplained renal insufficiency & CVA and a +ESR, you should suspect? | Vasculitis
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| Before diagnosing vasculitis you should r/o (4)? | Infectious diseases, paraneoplastic syndrome, atrial myxoma, toxic drug effects.
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| Skin hemorrhages <3mm are called? | Petechiae
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| Skin hemorrhages>1 cm are called? | Ecchymosis
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| What are the 2 main types of small vessel vasculitis? | Wegener's Granulomatosis & Leukocytoclastic Angiitis
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| Saddle nose deformity, erosive sinusitis, & subglottic stenosis are associated with? | Wegerner's
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| 55 year old white male presents with saddle nose deformity, erosive sinusitis, palpable purpura, uveitis, and stridor. On CXR - non-caseating granuloma. Renal labs suggest GN. c-ANCA +. Dx? MC induction tx? | Wegener's; Rituximab
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| Induction therapy for Wegener's can include: | Rituximab, steroids, cyclophosphamide
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| Maintenance therapy for Wegener's includes: | MTX or Azathioprine
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| Patient presents with purpura that occurs in crops/waves but is otherwise asymptomatic. What should you get to confirm the dx? What is the most likely dx? | Skin biopsy; leukocytoclastic angiitis
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| Antihistamines are typically used to treat which type of vasculitis? | LCV
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| Medications prescribed for LCV (4)? | Antihistamines, Dapsone, Colchicine, Steroids (for fulminant dz)
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| Name a medium vessel vasculitis | Polyarteritis Nodosa
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| 50 year old male presents with fever, fatigue, recent weight loss, vague GI pain, & muscle weakness. On exam- hypertensive & livedo reticularis present. Labs- anemic, high ESR, elevated BUN/Cr, +Hep B. Dx? | Polyarteritis Nodosa
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| A patient must have __/10 of the ACR criteria to diagnose PAN. These include: Wt loss, livedo reticularis, testicular pain, myalgia/weak/polyneuropathy, diastolic BP>90, high BUN/Cr, +HepB, angiographic abnormality, or biopsy showing PMNs. | 3
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| If a patient has Hep B and is dx with Polyarteritis Nodosa, what is the tx plan? | Antivirals, plasma exchange, Prednisone
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| If a patient is diagnosed with polyarteritis nodosa that isn't associated with Hep B, what is the treatment plan? | Prednisone, AZA, MTX, cyclophosphamide (if severe)
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| 75 year old White female presents complaining of fever, fatigue, wt loss, a temporal HA, pain with chewing, and changes in vision. ESR is high. What should you order? Likely dx? | Biopsy(3-6cm); Giant Cell Arteritis
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| Name a type of large vessel vasculitis | Giant Cell Arteritis
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| A biopsy of giant cell arteritis will show? | Multinucleated Giant Cells
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| Amaurosis Fugax is associated with? | Giant Cell Arteritis
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| Treatment for giant cell arteritis? | High dose steroids, bisphosphonates
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| 70 year old white female smoker presents complaining of fever, fatigue, wt loss, limb girdle pain, and morning stiffness lasting several hours. High ESR. Low dose steroids had a rapid response. Dx? | Polymyalgia Rheumatica
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| What is the treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica? | Low dose steroids (x1-2 yrs) with bisphosphonates
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| Vasculitis that targets the upper & lower respiratory tracts, kidneys, joints, skin, eyes, nerves, and heart? | Wegener's
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| Type of vasculitis that only affects the skin? | LCV
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| Type of vasculitis that affects the skin, muscles, nerves, GI tract, and kidney? | PAN
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| Type of vasculitis that affects the aorta and its major branches and the extra-cranial branches of the carotid? | GCA
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| Deposition of uric acid occurs when uric acid is over ____mg/dL | 6.8
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| Pseudogout is due to the deposition of ________ __________. | Calcium Pyrophosphate
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| Causes of hyperuricemia? (3) | Underexcretion (90%), overproduction (10%), overconsumption
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| Gout may be due to an inherited _______ disorder causing overproduction. | Enzyme (G6PD, PRPP, HGRPT, etc)
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| Risk factors for gout | Diet high in purines, metabolic syndrome, obesity
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| Pseudogout is more common in men or women? | women
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| Can be associated with hyperparathyroidism, hemochromatosis, hypomagnesemia, & hypophosphatemia | Pseudogout
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| 45 year old male with hx of metabolic syndrome presents complaining of acute onset severe pain & swelling in 1st MTP joint. Dx? Acute Tx? | Gout. NSAIDs, Colchicine, steroid injection
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| Commonly involved joints in gout are?(4) | Big toe, mid foot, ankle, knee
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| Elderly female with swollen & painful knee. XR shows changes consistent with osteoarthritis. Joint aspiration shows cloudy fluid with elevated WBCs and rod-like crystals that are + birifringent. Dx? Tx? | Pseudogout; NSAIDs, Colchicine, steroids
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| 24 hour uric acid >800mg in a young patient suggests? | Enzymatic Defect
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| 24 hour uric acid >800mg in an elderly patient suggests? | Rapid cellular turnover
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| Gold standard for dx of gout? | Monosodium urate crystals (on joint aspirate)
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| Monosodium urate crystals are _______ birifringent. | Negatively
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| Joint aspirate of painful inflamed joint shows: 7,000 WBC, mostly neutrophils & negative birifringent crystals. Dx? | Gout
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| Joint aspirate of painful inflamed joint shows: Cloudy fluid with 25,000 WBCs (>80% polys) and crystals that are weakly + birifrigent. Dx? | Pseudogout
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| Tophi, soft tissue swelling, and bony changes on XR are suggestive of? | Gout
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| Chondrocalcinosis, uniform joint space loss, subchondral new bone formation, prominent cysts all bilaterally on XRs suggest? | Pseudogout
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| CAN'T LEAP medications that should be avoided in gout patients are: | Cyclosporine, Alcohol, Nicotinic Acid, Thiazides, Loop diuretics, Ethambutol, ASA, Pyrazinamide
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| Medications used to prevent gout attacks after acute phase has passed? | Allopurinol, Colchicine (also Probenecid, Losartan, Fenofibrate, Febuxostat, Peglitocase)
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| Treatment for chronic pseudogout? | NSAIDs & Colchicine. Chronic intra-articular joint injections (refractory pts)
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| MC presenting symptom of JIA? | Joint swelling
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| List the 6 subclasses of JIA discussed: | Oligoarthritis, Enthesitis Related Arthritis, Polyarthritis-RF+, Polyarthritis-RF-, Psoriatic Arthritis, Systemic Arthritis
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| 3 year old white female with R knee swelling x8 weeks. Mother reports morning fussiness and limping. ANA+. Abnormal slit lamp exam. Likely diagnosis? Tx? | Oligoarthritis; NSAIDs & intra-articular steroid injection
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| 10 year old Native American male presents with swollen ankle and knee. He is tender over tendon/fasciae insertions. HLA-B27+. On later visit, he is found to have back involvement. Likely dx? Tx? | Enthesitis Related Arthritis; Anti-TNF-alpha (started early)
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| Age 10 Hispanic female presents complaining of severe morning stifness, fatigue, malaise, & multiple symmetric painful swollen joints. RF+. Periarticular erosions seen on XR. Likely dx? Tx? | Polyarthritis-RF+; MTX, anti-TNF alpha, or Rituximab.
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| Age 2 white female presents with morning stiffness, symmetric joint swelling to knees, ankles, hands, & feet. TMJ & C-spine also involved. Otherwise healthy. Likely Dx? Tx? | Polyarthritis-RF-; MTX, Anti-TNF alpha.
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| Age 2 white female presents with single swollen toe. Comes back in later with swollen knee. On exam- rash and nail pitting. +HLA-B27 suggests axial involvement. Likely Dx? | Psoriatic Arthritis
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| 4 year old female presents with daily spiking fevers up to 106F for the last 2 weeks that correspond with a pale pink rash. Multiple joints are swollen. HSM on exam. Elevated WBC, anemia, elevated ESR & ferritin. Likely Dx? Tx? | Systemic Arthritis; Anakinra (limit steroids!!)
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| Pauciarthritis = <__ joints involved | 5
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| Polyarthritis = >__ joints involved | 5
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| List 2 eye manifestations associated with JIA | Chronic uveitis & Acute uveitis
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| Normal CBC but persistent fevers in established systemic onset JIA. Suspect? | Macrophage Activation Syndrome
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| Most benign form of JIA? | Oligoarthritis
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| Acute uveitis is typically associated with which type of JIA? | Enthesitis Related Arthritis
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| Chronic Uveitis is seen with which 3 types of JIA? | Oligoarthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Polyarthritis-RF-
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| Pericarditis is associated with which type of JIA? | Systemic onset
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| Lupus is most common in which race? | African Americans (also African Caribbean, Hispanic, & Asian)
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| 22% of lupus cases are diagnosed between ages __-__ | 15-45
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| Pathogenesis of SLE: ______ susceptibility-->____ of tolerance --> _________ phase --> _______ phase. | genetic, loss, expansion, injury
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| List the 11 criteria for classification of SLE: | Malar rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers, arthritis, serositis, renal disorder, neurologic disorder, hematologic disorder, immunologic disorder, ANA
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| Patient must have __/11 criteria to meet diagnostic criteria for SLE. | 4
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| MC presenting sx of SLE? | Arthalgia & arthritis
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| Arthritis that is symmetrical, involves hands, wrists, knees, and is non-erosive or destructive is most likely due to? | SLE
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| Symptoms that are classified under serositis that are associated with SLE? | Pericarditis, Pleuritis
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| Renal symptoms associated with SLE? | Proteinuria, cellular casts, GN
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| Neurologic disorders associated with SLE? | Seizures, psychosis
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| Hematologic symptoms associated with SLE? | Leukopenia, Lymphopenia, Hemolytic anemia, Thrombocytopenia
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| Immunologic abnormalities associated with SLE? | Anti-phospholipid antibody, anti-DNA, anti-Sm, false+ syphilis test
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| Standard of care for SLE pharmacologic treatment, including cutaneous manifestations? | Hydroxychloroquine
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| Commonly prescribed adjunct medications in SLE to help with symptomatic relief? | Steroids, NSAIDs, low-dose ASA (to prevent thrombotic events)
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| Neurologic lupus, lupus nephritis, or vasculitis of internal organs should be treated with? | Cyclophosphamide
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| Photosensitive red rash to cheeks & chin with confluent erythema and induration that spares nasolabial folds is? | ACLE (Acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus)
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| % of people with ACLE that have systemic lupus? | 100%
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| Photosensitive rash of polycylic regions that have a central clearing and a colored scale. Appears similar to psoriasis or ringworm. What is this? | SCLE (Sub-acute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus)
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| % of people with SCLE that develop systemic lupus? | 50%
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| Patient presents with lesions on ear, face, & scalp. Lesions have atrophic center with active border. Scalp lesions have surrounding alopecia. What is this? | DLE (Discoid Lupus Erythematosus)
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| What % of patients with DLE develop systemic lupus? | 30%
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| ____C3/C4 levels are associated with SLE. | Low
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| Only way to confirm lupus nephritis? | Renal biopsy
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| Most common class of lupus nephritis in SLE patients? | Class IV (Diffuse proliferative GN)
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| Class of lupus nephritis with worst prognosis? | Class IV (Diffuse proliferative GN)
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| What class of lupus nephritis is this: Normal or minimal change disease? | Class I
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| What class of lupus nephritis is this: Mesangial GN | Class II
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| What class of lupus nephritis is this: Focal proliferative GN | Class III
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| What class of lupus nephritis is this? Diffuse Proliferative GN | Class IV
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| What class of lupus nephritis is this? Membranous GN | Class V
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| % of SLE patients that are women? | 90
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| > or = to __ points on the ACR/EULAR defines RA. | 6
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| Swollen synovium is called ______. | Pannus
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| TNF-alpha, IL-1, & IL-6 are _______ that perpetuate systemic inflammation in RA by stimulating __ &__ cells which continue the inflammatory cascade. | Cytokines, B, T
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| __-cells secrete immunoglobulins, including RF. | B
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| Sx of RA typically last greater than __ weeks. | 6
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| Morning stiffness in RA typically lasts longer than _____. | 1 hour
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| List 3 common joints affected by RA: | Wrists, MCPs, PIPs
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| List 3 common deformities associated with RA: | Boutonnierre, Swan Neck, Ulnar deviation
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| Labs that are typically + in RA? | RF (80%), Anti-CCP antibodies (80%), ESR/CRP, ANA (30%)
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| General workup for RA (excluding diagnostic factors like RF, CCP, etc) (5 items) | CBC, renal function, liver panel, CXR, XR of joints affected
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| Radiographic evidence of RA does not occur until __-__ years after onset. | 1-2
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| __________ at site of synovial attachment, __-__ subluxation, ulnar deviation at MCPs, and flexion/extension contractures are common radiographic findings of RA. | Osteopenia, C1-C2
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| What lab is the most specific for RA? | Anti-CCP antibodies
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| 40 year old Caucasian female presents complaining joint pain and swelling to all PIPs, MCPs, both wrists, and MTPs. She has a high + RF, + CCP antibody, and high ESR. She also reports fatigue & mild fevers. Appropriate treatment? | Anti-TNF alpha with or without MTX (or combo DMARD therapy)
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| 42 year old female presents complaining of swelling and joint pain in 2nd & 3rd PIPs. She has no other complaints. Moderately high-titer RF, +CCP antibody, and very mildly elevated ESR. Appropriate treatment? | DMARD monotherapy (MTX)
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| Common surgical interventions for RA (4): | Joint reconstruction, joint replacement, joint fusion, or synovectomy.
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| Most common age range of presentation with RA? | 40-45
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| Synovial Fluid analysis shows transparent opalescent fluid with 40,000 WBCs, 60% PMNs, and a negative culture. This is likely due to a(n) ______________ process such as _______. | Inflammatory, RA
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