RID study materials for NIC written test
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| show | the language of the American Deaf community; it is often described as a visual-gestural language with a grammar, culture, and vocabulary distinct from English and other signed languages. ASL is also used by deaf people in some parts of Canada.
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| show | a federal law, passed in 1990, which required improvements in accessibility for all people with disabilities including deaf people; it is sometimes referred to as a civil rights act for people with disabilities.
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| HEARING IMPAIRED | show 🗑
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| show | a term used to identify an individual who interprets; this term may also be used generically to include those who transliterate (see transliterate).
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| show | a term used to refer to a number of sign language systems that attempt to visually represent English by using its grammar and created or modified signs to represent English vocabulary; includes Signing Exact English (SEE) and Pidgin Signed English (PSE).
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| show | a term often used to refer to signing that occurs when deaf people and people who are not deaf interact; PSE uses ASL vocabulary in English word order. This is also sometimes referred to as contact signing.
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| show | a national professional organization and certifying body for interpreters and those interested in the sign language interpreting profession. RID has affiliate chapters in each state.
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| show | a general term for several conditions that can result from using a set of muscles repeatedly or incorrectly, especially resulting from repetitive movements of the hands and arms; repetitive motion disorders are potential job hazards for sign language inte
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| SIGNING EXACT ENGLISH (SEE 2) | show 🗑
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| show | interpreting from a signed language into a spoken language.
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| SOURCE LANGUAGE | show 🗑
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| TARGET LANGUAGE | show 🗑
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| show | the act of changing a message from one form of a language to another form of the same language; in the field of sign language interpreting, this most commonly refers to changing spoken English into a visual form of English (see Manually Coded English, Pid
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| TRANSLITERATOR | show 🗑
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| VOICE-TO-SIGN INTERPRETING (V-S) | show 🗑
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| Interpretation | show 🗑
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| show | Persons who have inadequate education, lack of exposure to any language or for other reasons are not competent in any language. They use neither ASL nor English fluently. They may use "home signs".It is common to use props, gestures, pictures and a Deaf i
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| Classifiers | show 🗑
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| show | The condition of partially or completely lacking in the sense of hearing to the extent that one cannot understand speech for everyday communication purposes. (For example, you can't hear well enough to use the phone on a consis
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| show | refers to embracing the cultural norms, beliefs, and values of the Deaf Community. The term "Deaf" should be capitalized when it is used as a shortened reference to being a member of the Deaf Community.Example: He is Deaf. (Mean
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| show | Non-manual markers are facial expressions and body movements. Non-manual markers are used to inflect signs. That means to change, influence, or emphasize the meaning of a sign or signed phrase. For example, when asking a question that can be answered w
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| Pathology of Deafness | show 🗑
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| show | classifiers that are smaller than life size, the shape and movement of which does not necessarily have iconic features.
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| show | generic and lacking in specificity.
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| show | modifications to building design, program delivery, or forms of communicatin which will allow Deaf and disabled individuals to gain access to services provided by an institution or agency.
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| Adventitious deafness | show 🗑
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| Affect | show 🗑
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| show | one's first language, usually the language your parents speak although this is not always the case, also known as mother tongue or native language.
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| Ambivalence | show 🗑
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| show | a form of signing which blends ASL with English-based signs; a contact variety more closely affiliated with ASL than English.
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| Anglophone | show 🗑
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| show | the national professional association and certifying body of sign lanugage interpreters in Canada.
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| show | an attitude based on pathological thinking that results in a negative stigma toward anyone who does not hear; it judges labels, and limits individuals on the basis of whether a person hears and speaks.
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| Auditory feedback loop | show 🗑
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| Aural-Oral languages | show 🗑
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| show | an idea frequently held by members of marginalized groups that members of the oppressor group are somehow super-beings, also refered to as "magical thinking"
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| Bicultural | show 🗑
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| Bilingual-Bicultural (Bi-Bi) | show 🗑
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| show | an approach which stresses ASL as the instructional language for all subjects except English, with an ultimate goal of developing competency in both English and ASL; students study ASL, Deaf culture, Deaf heritage/history, and Deaf studies.
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| B-Language (L2) | show 🗑
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| Certificate of Interpretation (COI) | show 🗑
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| C-Language | show 🗑
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| show | a term used to refer to those for whom sign language interpreters work, includes both Deaf and hearing consumers.
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| Cloze skills | show 🗑
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| show | a set of guidelines that require an individual to develop effective decision making skills, a clear sense of a person's beliefs and values, understand how society defines right/wrong, good/bad, and have the ability to apply all of this to spur of the mome
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| Code switching | show 🗑
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| Communication dynamics | show 🗑
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| Communication Facilitation Philosophy | show 🗑
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| Communication | show 🗑
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| show | a manual code for English which combines English grammatical order with ASL signs and some invented initialized signs; choices of signs based on the intended concept or idea of the speaker.
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| show | includes a belief of Deaf people as handicapped and needing to learn to take care of themselves; word-for-sign equivalents between signs and spoken English; and the interpreter as having no responsibity for the interaction or communication dynamics taking
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| show | an American organization of educators who teach interpretation; membership is international.
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| Confidentiality | show 🗑
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| show | to be born deaf or hard-of-hearing.
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| show | the process of interpreting into the target language after the speaker completes one or more ideas in the source language and pauses while the interpreter transmits that information; more accurate than simultaneous interpretion.
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| Consultative | show 🗑
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| Contact Varieties | show 🗑
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| show | the ability to break the whole into its parts, to examine in detail, to look more deeply into a text and determine its nature by engaging in disciplined reasoning, inferring and deducing in order to extract the message carried "below the words/signs" or '
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| show | interpreting in such a way that information has equivalent meaning and impact for individuals with different languages and cultural schema; requires an interpreter to make cultural and liguistic expansions and reductions.
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| show | providing the contextual information required to make sense out of something that is signed or said to someone without the requisite schema or experiential frame.
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| show | reducing the volume and sometimes the detail of information within an interpretation without affecting the meaning intended; done to meet communication and cultural norms of the target language.
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| Cultural view of Deaf people | show 🗑
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| Culture | show 🗑
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| Deaf view of "Deaf" | show 🗑
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| show | refers to the inability to hear as compared to "normal' hearing, enerally seen as a deficit or an impairment; measured by decibels.
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| show | a unit for expressing the relative intensity of sounds on a scale from zero for the average least perceptible sound to about 130 for the average level where sound induces pain.
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| show | when minority group members being dependent upon members of the power group for certain things they perceive they are unable to do for themselves.
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| Discourse style | show 🗑
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| Dynamic equivalence | show 🗑
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| show | behaving in a way that supports another's right to make decisions within an interpersonal interaction by vesting control in the hands of consumers rather than solely in the hands of the interpreter; avoiding the imposition of one's own opinions, advice, s
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| Empowerment | show 🗑
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| show | a generic term used to refer to a variety of signing systems based on English structure, rather than the stucture of ASL; includes the Rochester Method, SEE1, SEE2, and CASE.
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| show | phenomena in the area surrounding communication that can affect the interaction, including lights, extraneous auditory or visual noise, distance from the interpreter to the speaker, distance from the interpreter to the audience, etc.
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| show | words, signs, or phrases that can be interpreted in more than one way; often misleading or confusing to the listener.
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| show | making choices and acting in a way that respects others; grows out of a strong moral sense; requires the ability to think critically and the courage to choose to do the right thing.
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| Ethics | show 🗑
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| Ethnocentric | show 🗑
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| Euphemistic language | show 🗑
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| show | actual, physical factors that interfere with communication; includes flickering of an overhead florescent light, the squeal of a poorly connected microphone, or the incessant coughing of someone in the room.
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| show | the tendency of members of an oppressed group to feel powerless to change or strike back at "the system"; a "go with the flow" and "don't rock the boat" attitude.
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| show | a lack of determined action that might lead to true equality and empowerment based on fear and sense of inferiority that "paralyzes" oppressed individuals; this response is common among members of an oppressed group, in spite of their anger about the inju
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| show | a term used in Canada to refer to people who use French-based communication.
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| Frozen form | show 🗑
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| Frozen linguistic register | show 🗑
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| Group oppression | show 🗑
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| show | views Deaf people as handicapped, limited, unable to fully manage their personal and business affairs; believes that Deaf people are mentally, emotionally, or experientially incapable of fully understanding the world around them; views the interpreter as
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| HVO | show 🗑
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| Horizontal hostility | show 🗑
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| Institutionalized oppression | show 🗑
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| LSQ | show 🗑
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| show | the time used by the interpreter to analyze a source language utterance and to make cultural and linguistic adjustments before producing an equivalent message in the target language; also called processing time.
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| Lineage of Deaf children | show 🗑
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| show | grammatical structure of a language wherein lexical items and parts of speech are produced singularly, one at a time, in a string of single lexical units.
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| Linguistic expansion | show 🗑
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| show | being able to manipulate a language with the finesse of a native or near-native user of the language; this includes being able to properly shift registers, dicuss technical and non-technical topics, and to "play" with the language; bicultural skills are i
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| Linguistic reduction | show 🗑
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| Linguistics | show 🗑
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| show | a set of beliefs regarding Deaf individuals, ASL, and communication dynamics which influence the way a person views her/his role and work as an interpreter; includes a belief of Deaf people as handicapped and needing to learn how to take care of themselve
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| show | an arrangement in which a more experienced interpreter "adopts" a less experienced interpreter and serving as a sounding board to review and evaluate the less-experienced interpreter's professional behavior, decision-making, and quality of interpretation.
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| show | the channel through which a message is expressed, specifically spoken or signed.
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| show | the ability of a language to produce more than one lexical item or more than one part of speech simultaneously.
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| Myth of the mis-guided child | show 🗑
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| show | traditional stories that ostensibly explain the world view of a particular group of people or that explains a practice or belief.
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| Need for approval from marginalized group members | show 🗑
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| Negative view of the oppressed group | show 🗑
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| Oppression | show 🗑
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| show | deaf indiviuals who do not use sign language, preferring to use speech and speech-reading as their primary form of communication.
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| show | making spoken English visible for an oral Deaf individual; includes repeating what is being said without speech, selecting words that are most easily speech-readable and sometimes using a gesture for clarification.
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| show | one who listens to a spoken English message, then rephrases that message into clearly speech-readable forms for a Deaf consumer who uses speech and speech reading as primary forms of communication.
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| Paralinguistic elements | show 🗑
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| Passive voice | show 🗑
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| Paternalism and possessive consciousness | show 🗑
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| show | biological factors that interfere with communication; i.e. illness, exhaustion, hunger.
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| Pragmatic use of language | show 🗑
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| Process models of interpretation | show 🗑
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| show | the time used by the interpreter to analyze the source language utterance and to make cultural and linguistic adjustments before producing an equivalent message in the target language (also called lag time).
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| Professional competence | show 🗑
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| show | a social, psychological and physical boundary established to insure individuals function within appropriate professional roles; protects both the professional and the client.
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| Professionals | show 🗑
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| Prosody | show 🗑
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| show | realities that exist in the heads of all participants in the communication environment and distract from or interferes with the communication; includes things like internal stress, personal judgements about the other participants, and random thoughts that
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| show | classifiers that take on life-size proportions and sometimes look a bit like a reduced form of mime when being produced.
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| Reciprocal signals | show 🗑
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| show | an assumption that the experiences and values of another group are identical to your own. Thus, if you traded places, members of the second group would come to view the world like yourself and develop concomitant values.
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| Register | show 🗑
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| Residual hearing | show 🗑
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| Resistance to attempts for liberation | show 🗑
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| show | a manual code for English wherein each letter of the English alphabet is assigend a hand shape and all words communicated, with the exception of AND, are fingerspelled.
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| show | an organizational or conceptual pattern in the mind; the contextual frame or "script" that helps us interpret what is happening; learned informally from our social and cultural interactions.
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| show | Seeing Essential English; a manual code for English wherein each syllable is given a separate manual movement.
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| Semantics | show 🗑
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| show | changing a message from the frozen form of one language into another signed or spoken language done on first sight, without the time normally required to prepare a formal translation.
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| SSS | show 🗑
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| SE | show 🗑
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| Sign-to-Voice | show 🗑
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| Simultaneous communication | show 🗑
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| Simultaneous interpretation/transliteration | show 🗑
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| show | Size and Shape Specifiers; a specific subset of classifiers that function to describe various nouns; functions like English adjectives.
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| show | the motivating purpose behind communication; includes a variety of things such as teaching, inspiring, counseling, teasing, scolding, selling, etc.
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| show | a skill employed by some deaf and hh individuals to comprehend spoken communication; involves a combination of deciphering lip, cheek, and throat movements, clarifying gestures and use of closure skills to determine meaning.
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| Stereotype | show 🗑
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| Support group | show 🗑
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| TOI | show 🗑
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| Total Communication | show 🗑
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| Translation | show 🗑
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| Visual-gestural languages | show 🗑
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| WTK | show 🗑
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| RID | show 🗑
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| Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1965 | show 🗑
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| show | if receiving gov funding (i.e. state schools, etc.) the entity must provide accessibility and accomodations for all disabilities; this covers students, parents, and school personnel.
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| PL94.142 | show 🗑
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| show | an interpreter must be provided if a non-native English speaker is involved in court, not disability legislation, witness testimony must be consecutive.
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| IDEA | show 🗑
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| IEP | show 🗑
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| show | Individual Family Service Plan; for kids age 0-3 or 0-5, this intervention helps the child by helping earlier, recongnizes the whole family is affected by a disability.
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| show | Least Restricted Environment; law assumes mainstreaming and parents are responsible to prove mainstreaming is not LRE and often lose.
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| ADA | show 🗑
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