Unit #6: The Judicial Branch
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| Appellate jurisdiction | authority of a court to hear an appeal from a lower court
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| civil law | concerns noncriminal disputes between private parties
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| Class action lawsuit | lawsuit brought on behalf of a class of people against a defendant (e.g. lawsuits brought by those who suffered from smoking against tobacco companies)
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| Concurring opinion | written by a Supreme Court Justice who voted with the majority, but for different reasons
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| Dissenting opinion | written by a Supreme Court Justice(s) who express a minority viewpoint in a case
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| Injunction | court order that forbids a party from performing a certain action
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| Judicial activism | philosophy the courts should take an active role in solving problems
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| Judicial restraint | philosophy the courts should defer to elected lawmakers in setting policy, and should instead focus on interpreting law than making law
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| Judicial review | power of the courts to review the constitutionality of laws or gov action
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| Litigation | the process of taking claims to a court of law
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| Majority opinion | written to express the majority viewpoint in a Supreme Court case
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| Original intent | basis for belief in judicial restraint, its possible to know and understand the will of the authors of the Constitution and its amendments and this should guide court decisions
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| Original jurisdiction | authority of a court to first hear a case
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| Remand | the Supreme Court's sending of a case back to the original court which it was heard
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| Rule of four | the Supreme Court will hear a case if 4 Justices agree
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| Stare decisis | Latin for "let the decision stand." Supreme Court policy of following precedent in deciding cases
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| Writ of certiorari | issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court to send up the records of a case so it can be reviewed by the high court
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| Writ of habeas corpus | court orders the authorities show cause for why they're holding a prisoner in custody. Deters unlawful imprisonment
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| Writ of mandamus | sort order directing a party to perform a certain action
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