Physiology
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| 5 Functions of the Skeleton | show 🗑
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| 2 Classifications by Location | show 🗑
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| show | Axial Skeleton
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| Components: Shoulder bones, & upper limps; Hip bones, & lower limbs. Functions: Leverage for Locomotion, Leverage for manipulation for the environment | show 🗑
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| show | Long, Short, Flat, & Irregular Bones
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| show | Osteoid & Hydroxyapatites
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| One Third of Extracellular Matrix | show 🗑
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| Two thirds of Extracellular Matrix | show 🗑
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| show | Osteoid
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| show | Hydroxyapatites
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| Made by osteoblasts | show 🗑
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| Tiny crystals arranged tightly around the collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix. | show 🗑
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| show | Osteoid
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| show | Hydroxyapatites
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| In embryos, leads to develpment of the body skeleton | show 🗑
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| Until adulthood, leads to growth of the skeleton | show 🗑
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| In adulthood, leads to some increase in thickness of bones. Primarily leads to remodeling and repair of bones. | show 🗑
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| show | Osteogenesis or Ossification
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| Bones can develop from 2 different tissues during embryonic development | show 🗑
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| Leads to the formation of most bones in the skull and miscellaneos other bones (clavicle, sesamoid bones) | show 🗑
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| Bones of the skelton from the base of the skull down (with a few exceptions) | show 🗑
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| Bone deposition and resorption for the purpose of shaping, strengthening or repairing bone | show 🗑
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| Based off the action of osteoblasts & osteoclasts | show 🗑
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| show | Bone Growth & Remodeling
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| show | Bone Growth & Remodeling
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| show | Growth in Length
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| Osteoblasts of periosteum lay down new bone. Osteoclasts of endosteum at spongy/compact bone interface remove internal bone (helps keep bones light) | show 🗑
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| Every week we recycle 5-7% of our bone mass | show 🗑
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| show | Rate of bone remodeling in adults
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| Compact bone is replaced every 10 years | show 🗑
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| Rate is variable based on location | show 🗑
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| At any given location, rate of bone destruction and deposition is approximately equal in healthy adults | show 🗑
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| Control of Remodeling | show 🗑
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| show | Calcitriol (kidneys)
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| Stimulates osteoblast activity and the synthesis of bone matrix (pituitary gland) | show 🗑
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| Stimulates osteoblast activity and the synthesis of bone matrix (thyroid gland) | show 🗑
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| show | Sex Hormones (ovaries/testes)
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| show | Parathyroid Hormone (parathyroid glands)
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| show | Calcitonin (thyroid gland)
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| show | Mechanical Stress
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| Long bones are thickest midway along the shaft | show 🗑
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| Curved bones are thickest where they are most likely to buckle | show 🗑
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| Trabeculea of spongy bones from trusses (struts) along lines of compression | show 🗑
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| show | Mechanical Stress
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| show | Mechanical Stress
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| show | Long Bones
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| show | Short Bones
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| show | Flat Bones
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| show | Irregular Bones
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| show | Compact & Spongy Bone
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| External part of bone | show 🗑
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| show | Compact Bone
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| show | Spongy Bone
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| Honeycomb of osseous tissue called trabeculae | show 🗑
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| Filled with bone marrow | show 🗑
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| 2 structures of typical long bone | show 🗑
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| Shaft of the bone | show 🗑
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| Compact bone externally | show 🗑
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| show | Diaphysis
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| show | Epiphyses
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| show | Epiphyses
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| show | Epiphyses
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| show | Structure of a typical short, irregular or flat bone
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| show | Structure of a typical short, irregular or flat bone
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| 2 types of bone marrow | show 🗑
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| show | Hematopoietic Tissue (red marrow)
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| Usually restricted to proximal epiphysis of the humerus and femur and to spongy bone of flat and irregular bones (hips, sternum) in adults. | show 🗑
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| show | Hematopoietic Tissue (red marrow)
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| Can reform in long bones if anemia occurs | show 🗑
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| show | Yellow Marrow
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| show | Yellow Marrow
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| 2 types of membranes | show 🗑
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| Covers entire outer surface of bone except joint surfaces | show 🗑
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| Outer layer is dense irregular connective tissue | show 🗑
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| show | Periosteum
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| Collagen fibers incorporated into the bone called perforatiing fibers | show 🗑
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| show | Periosteum
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| show | Endosteum
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| Composed of an osteogenic layer of cells containing osteoblasts and osteoclasts | show 🗑
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| Lacks the dense irregular connective tissue present in the periosteum | show 🗑
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| show | Bone Cells
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| show | Osteoprogenitor Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, & Osteoclasts
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| Stem Cells | show 🗑
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| Produce daughter cells known as osteoblasts | show 🗑
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| Bone cells that produce new extracellular matrix (osteoid) | show 🗑
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| Encourage accumulation of calcium salts in the extracellular matrix | show 🗑
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| show | Osteocytes
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| show | Osteocytes
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| show | Osteocytes
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| Large, Multi-nucleated cells | show 🗑
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| Produce by myeloid stem cells (myeloid known primarily for producing blood cells) | show 🗑
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| Secrete acids and proteolytic enzymes that digest bone | show 🗑
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| Strucural unit of compact bone | show 🗑
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| show | Lamella
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| Collagen fibers and salt crystals lie in opposite directions in adjacent lemella | show 🗑
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| show | Central (harversian) Canal & Perforating (volkmann's) Canal
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| show | Perforating (volkmann's) Canal
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| Connection to the exterior | show 🗑
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| show | Lucunae
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| show | Lucunae
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| Small cavaties extending into the lamella | show 🗑
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| show | Canaliculi
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| show | Microscopic structure of spongy bone
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| Trabeculae actually arranged along lines of stress | show 🗑
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| show | Microscopic structure of spongy bone
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| Very light-weight but resistant to stress in multiple planes | show 🗑
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Created by:
ky13
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