HUG ch9 vocab
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| CBD | the commercial and often geographic heart of a city.
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| synekism | the union of several small urban settlements under the rule of a "capital" city
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| urban | characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to the areas surrounding it.
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| city | a relatively large and permanent human settlement.
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| agricultural village | A relatively small village, where most of the population was involved in agriculture.
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| agricultural surplus | agricultural production in excess which the producer needs for his own sustenance for his family and then sold for consumption by the market
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| social stratification | the hierarchical or vertical division of society according to rank, caste, or class
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| leadership class | Group of decision-makers and organizers in early cities who controlled the resources, and often the lives, of others.
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| first urban revolution | The historical emergence of cities and urbanism.
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| mesopotmamia | Region of great cities
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| nile river valley | Chronologially the second urban hearth dating back to 3200 BCE.
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| indus river valley | Chronoligcally the third urban hearth dating back to 2200 BCE.
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| huang he and wei river valleys | Rivers in present-day China
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| mesoamerica | a region and cultural area in the Americas
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| peru | Republic in western South America
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| secondary hearth | an early adopter of a cultural practice or trait that becomes a central locale from which the practice or trait further diffuses
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| acropolis | a citadel or fortified part of an ancient Greek city
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| agora | a public open space used for assemblies and markets
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| site | The internal physical attributes of a place, including its absolute location, its spatial character and physical setting.
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| situation | The external location attributes of a place; its relative location or regional position with reference to other nonlocal places.
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| urban morphology | The study of the physical form and structure of urban places
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| functional zonation | The division of a city into different regions, or zones
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| forum | a place, meeting, or medium where ideas and views on a particular issue can be exchanged
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| trade-area | Area where a large trade organization is taken place
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| rank-size rule | the distribution of city sizes around the world, the sizes of businesses, the sizes of particles, the lengths of rivers, the frequencies of word usage
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| primate area | A country's largest city-ranking atop the urban hierarchy-most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital as well.
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| central place theory | theory that seeks to explain the number, size and location of human settlements in an urban system.
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| sunbelt phenomenon | the movement of millions of americans from north and northestern states to south and southwest regions
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| zone | an area or stretch of land having a particular characteristic, purpose, or use, or subject to particular restrictions.
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| central city | a heavily populated city at the center of a large metropolitan area.
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| suburb | an outlying district of a city, esp. a residential one
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| suburbanization | Movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions
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| concentric zone model | A structural model of the American central city that has five concentric land-use rings arranged around a common center.
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| edge cities | the shifting focus of urbanization in the United States of America, away from the Central Business District
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| megacites | a very large city, typically one with a population of over ten million people
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| griffin-ford model | a model of the Latin American city showing a blend of traditional elements of Latin America culture
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| shanty towns | Unplanned slum development on the marigins of cities
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| disamenity sector | The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs and drug lords
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| mcgee model | a model showing similar land-use patterns among the medium-sized cities of Southeast Asia.
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| zoning laws | the practice of designating permitted uses of land based on mapped zones which separate one set of land uses from another
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| redlining | in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominately white neighborhoods
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| mcmansions | a large modern house that is considered ostentatious and lacking in architectural integrity.
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| urban sprawl | Unrestricted growth in many American urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning.
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| new urbanism | an urban design movement which promotes walkable neighborhoods containing a range of housing and job types.
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| gated communities | a residential area with roads that have gates to control the movement of traffic and people into and out of the area.
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| informal economy | part of an economy that is not taxed, monitored by any form of government or included in any gross national product
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| world city | Dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy.
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| spaces of consumption | areas of a city the main purpose of which is to encourage people to consume goods and services driven primarily by the global media industry
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