History
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| What enabled early man to stop moving around & settle in permanent communities? | Domestication of animals & farming
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| Where does the saying "an eye for an eye" come from & what does it mean? | Hammurabi's code
It happens to you if you do it to them
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| Cultural diffusion | Ideas spread to new people/disperse
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| 2 physical features that would have encouraged ancient people to start settlements nearby | Fertile soil near water source
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| What religion did the ancient Hebrews found & why was it unique at the time? | Judaism was polytheistic
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| The location of all early civilizations in Afro-Eurasia shared what commonality? | Settled along rivers
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| Why were irrigation ditches in ancient Mesopotamia important to agriculture? | Allowed farming to flourish & food supply to increase
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| How was a person assigned to a caste? How could a person join another caste? | Based on birth
Not permitted to marry out of caste
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| Which civilization 1st developed gunpowder & silk? | Chinese
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| What regions/civilizations did the Silk Road connect & why was it important? | From East Asia (china) to West Europe
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| What system of government did the ancient Athenians create? | Democracy
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| What system of government created by the ancient Romans did the US imitate? | Republic
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| List personal rights w value today that originated in ancient Rome. | Equality before the law & justice systems
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| Identify causes of the fall of the Roman Empire | Attacked by barbarians/military decline
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| What were the common causes of the fall of Han China & the Roman Empire? | Political & economic belief
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| What was the effect of the decline of the Roman Empire on Western Europe? | West Europe fell into dark ages
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| The medieval ages were also called the dark ages in Western Europe because? | West Europe sent into chaos, invaders kept Europe in turmoil, peasants got land for foods/services given to lord/kings
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| What determined a person's place/status in feudal societies? | They were born into their social positions
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| While European kings & nobles during the Dark Ages were relatively weak under feudalism, what authority could sometimes order kings & nobles to follow its directives? Why? | The church pop, because they had their own army & strong influence others by holding heavenly rights
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| When the Roman Empire was split in half, what NEW empire was created in the eastern portion? | Byzantine Empire
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| How can the Crusades be described as a failure? | It didn't free the Holy Land
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| Where did the Black Death spread, what spread it, & why did it spread so fast? | Asia
rats with fleas
trade using ships
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| while Muslims, Jews, & Christians have many different religious beliefs, what primary belief do they share? | Monotheistic
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| What products were traded across the trans-Saharan route? | Salt & Gold in Africa
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| 3 key achievements associated with the Tang & Song dynasties of China | Block printing, gunpowder, compass, arts
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| 2-3 important factors that led to the creation of the Mongol Empire? | Collapse of Roman Empire, excellent horsemenship & fierce fighting skills, Ghengis Khan united various tribes
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| What positive impact did the Mongols have on Western Europe? | Gunpowder
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| Achievements of the Aztecs: Why were the Spanish able to conquer them so easily? | Complex numbering system, 365 day calender, exposed smallpox
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| What engineering achievement's credited to the Incas & was also shared by Rome? Why can you say that the Incas actually deserve more credit due to the geography of the region? | Stone roads, because of their superb engineering skills allowed them to build in the steep mountains.
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| New agricultural technologies during the Middle Ages had waht effect on the population of Western Europe? | There was more food allowing population to double
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| Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? | Strategic location on the Mediterranean Sea
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| How were the writers of the Renaissance influenced by the writers of ancient Greece? | They believe in human reason to explain the world
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| What was the primary method Renaissance ideas were spread from southern Europe to northern Europe? | Spread by trade
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| How was the Renaissance different from the Middle Ages in terms of art, education, & science? | Focused on world logic instead of church
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| What was the impact of the Gutenberg's printing press on the people of Europe? | encouraged spread of ideas & literacy increase
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| Describe waht humanism, humanists, and the humanities are mainly interested. What subject do they not focus on? | Secular nonreligious subjects
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| Explain Martin Luther's issues with the Roman Catholic Church at the time of the Reformation. | People used money on sale of indulgences
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| According to Martin Luther, the only means of achieving salvation was? | Only through faith in God
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| How did King Henry VIII react when the Pope refused to annul his marriage? | Henry broke from Catholic Church & turned to Protestantism
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| How's Christianity in Western Europe BEFORE the Reformation like umpty Dumpty on the wall? How's Christianity in Western Europe AFTER the Reformation like Humpty Dumpty off the wall? | Christianity divided
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| The model of the solar system with the earth revolving around the Sun's known as what theory? | Heliocentric
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| Describe the method invented during the Scientific Revolution? | People observe > hypothesis > test experiments
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| What was the contribution of Robert Boyle to the Scientific Revolution? | He conducted experiments on gas at different temperatures
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| What group of nomadic invaders conquered in Byzantine Empire & its capital Constantinople in 1453? | Ottomans
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| The Ottomans controlled what area of the Mediterranean making them a strong trading empire? | Eastern
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| What 3 continents did the Ottoman Empire eventually control territory on, increasing trade & the spread of ideas? | North Africa
East Europe
Asia
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| What commonality existed during the Ming dynasty in the early 1400s and the Spanish monarchy in the late 1400s regarding trade? | Trade & exploration
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| During the Ming dynasty, why did China stop investing in overseas naval expeditions? | Culture/economy's balance
Wanted no outside influence
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| Identify key technological advances that contributed directly to the start of the Age of Exploration in the 1500s | Compass, triangular world
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| Why did European rulers encourage ocean exploration? | Establish colines to develop resources & establish trade
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| Why Christopher Columbus sail the ocean blue in 1492? | To find a new route to India to avoid taxes of Ottoman Empire
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| Why did millions of native peoples in the Americas die after contact with the Europeans in the 1500s? | They weren't immune to Europe diseases
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| 3 foods from the OLD world that were taken to the NEW world as part of the Colombian exchange | sugar
chickens
grains
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| 3 foods from the NEW World that were taken to the OLD World as part of the Colombian Exchange | tomatoes
pepper
squash
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| What was the impact of the Colombian Exchange on the population & the economy of Western Europe? | Their diets improved, it forever altered the economy
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| A non-food product taken from the OLD to the NEW World as part of both the Columbian Exchange & the "Triangular Trade" also known as the "African Diaspora" was? | slaves
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| Explain divine right and who most supported it? | A king was god's deputy on Earth
James I & Louis XVL
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| A person who believes that too much power in the hands of a single person's a bad thing would tend to support waht kind of government in modern times? | Democracy
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| The execution of Charles I & the creation of the Commonwealth of England occured following what conflict? | Civil War between king & parliament
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| Why was the Glorious Revolution different thn most political revolutions? | Bloodless
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| What was common impact of the Magna Carta, & the Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights on the power of the monarchy? | limited the power of the king
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| Identify 2 Enlightenment philosophers who supported the right of the people to choose their own government & leaders. | Locke, Rousseau
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| How does a person acquire natural rights or unalienable.inalienable rights? | They're born with them
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| 2 major revolutions that were influenced by the Enlightenment | American/French Revolutions
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| Wwhat Enlightenment philosopher promoted the concept of freedom of speech? | CoHaire
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| The Declaration of Independence & Thomas Jefferson were influenced by which Enlightenment philosopher? | John Locke
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| The concept of separation of powers was promoted by what Enlightenment philosopher? | Montesquieu
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