Mid-Term Exam Review
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| Which ancient African people migrated west and south from Nigeria? | Bantu
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| Which ancient kingdom, in present-day Ethiopia, was a cener of African Christianity? | Axum
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| When Europeans began trading with African societies what began to grow? | Slave Trade
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| Why is the death rate in Africa south of the Sahara so high? | Lack of clean water and disease
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| In Africa, a person's ethnic group is most closely associated with what? | language
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| Why did European countries carve Africa into colonies in the 1800's? | profit and political advantage
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| What is the most common expression of community life, social status, and rites of the passage of Africa? | dance
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| People who moved from place to place in search of food. | hunter-gatherers
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| griots | story tellers
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| An empire in Southern Africa | Great Zimbabwe
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| Special ceremonies that mark lifestages | Rites of passage
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| Famous ruler of Mali | Mansa Musa
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| Land bridge that connected Asia to North America. (Now underwater) | Beringia
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| What discovery turned nomads into farmers in the Americas' | Maize (corn)
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| What lead the Mayan priests to create the 365 day calendar? | Their knowledge of astrology
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| What was the capital of the Aztec Empire? | Tenountitlan
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| What did the Maya and Aztec organize their societies around | Religion
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| Which was the largest of the early American civilizations? | Inca
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| What did the early Ohio Valley people, the Hopewell, build? | Huge burial mounds in the shape of birds, bears, and snakes.
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| Where did the largest settlement of Mound Builders live? Present-day | Illinois
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| The Iroquois women, called clan mothers, chose the.... | Men of the Counsil
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| In the 1500's what changed the ways of life for the Native Americans forever? | The arrival of the Europeans
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| Early Americans crossed the land bridge, Beringia, from Asia to present day what? | Alaska
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| Agriculture allowed early Americans to...? | Spend time on other activities such as building a community.
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| Which civilizations organized their societies around their religion? | Maya and Aztec
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| Which civilization built stone-paved roads over mountains? | Inca
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| The Inca believed the sun god enjoyed displays of what and covered their clothing and buildings with it? | Gold
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| How did the Hohokam people acquire shells? | trade with coastal people
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| Which peoples wore clothing of sealskin? | Inuit
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| Which was the main food of the peoples of the northwestern coast? | Salmon
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| Tepees were used by which culture? | people of the great plains
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| How did the Iroquois promote peace? | forming a federation
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| Mound Builders | sun dried mud brick
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| Which of these was a military empire? Aztec, Inca, or Mayan | Aztec
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| Calculating device developed by the Inca? | quipus
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| the study of ancient peoples | archaeology
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| a home build by using sand dried mud brick. | adobe
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| Raised piece of land with the top leveled off to promote farming. | terraces
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| Religious center of the Inca. | Machu Picchu
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| A ruler | emperor
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| Home of community of homes built by Native Americans. | pueblo
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| A type of government that links different groups together. | federation
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| An explorer who served in Khubla Khans court and wrote his book of travels. | Marco Polo
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| The Renaissance was the historical period when these 2 things ruled. | Intellect and Creativity
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| Which Portuguese prince laid the groundwork for a new era of exploration? | Mansamusa
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| Name Christopher Columbus' 3 ships. | Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
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| Juan Ponce De Leon was the first Spaniard to land here. | North America
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| Who was the first explorer to sail around the southern tip of Africa? | Vasco de Gama
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| Which invention helped Marco Polo's Travels gain wider circulation? | Printing Press
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| From their trading post in Africa, the Portuguese traded for what? | gold and slaves
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| What did Columbus' crew threaten to do if he did not turn back? | throw him overboard
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| Which explorer discovered the long-awaited eastern sea route to Asia | Vasco de Gama
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| What did the Treaty of Tordesillas give Spain? | Most of North & South America
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| How far west did Hernando de Soto travel? | Oklahoma
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| Encomienda was a right granted by the Spanish government that gave Conquistadors the right to what? | demand taxes or labor from Native Americans who were living on the land.
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| Martin Luther believed that this was the way to salvation rather than good deeds? | Faith
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| What was John Cabot's voyage used by the English to claim? | North America
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| Which explorer's crew was the first to sail around the world? | Ferdinand Magellen
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| Which sea did Columbus believe he was near when he landed? | Indian Sea
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| Which monarch sent Columbus on his first voyage? | Queen Isabella of Spain
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| Who granted charters to groups of merchants to organize settlements in America? | King James I
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| A document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area. | Charters
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| Protestants who wanted to leave the Anglican Church and found their own churches were called what? | Separatists
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| Protestants who wanted to stay in the Anglican Church and change it from within were called what? | Puritans
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| Because their journey had a religious purpose, the Separatists called themselves what? | Pilgrims
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| What was Captain Smith's account of the condition of the Jamestown Colony? | Lacked a strong leader, sick, miserable, unwilling to help themselves.
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| What did the Pilgrims promise when they signed the Mayflower Compact? | Obey the laws passed for the general good of the colony.
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| Who was the settlement Jamestown named after? | King James I
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| Who was the leader of Jamestown? | Captain John Smith
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| What did the Jamestown settlers plant to survive? | tobacco, corn, etc.
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| An English raider of Spanish ships? | Francis Drake
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| Gov. John White was the leader of what colony? Was Sir Walter Raleigh's idea | Roanoke
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| This was carved in a gatepost at the abandoned colony of Roanoke | Croatoan
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| The Virginia Company founded what settlement? | Jamestown
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| How long did the voyage of the Mayflower take? | 66 days
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| What island was bought for a small amount of beads and other goods ($23) | Manhatten (NYC)
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| Who did John Rolfe marry? | Pocahontas
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| What was the most profitable cash crop in South Carolina and Georgia? | Rice
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| How did England view its North American colonies? | As an economic resourse
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| What 2 nations fought in the Seven Years war? | France and Britain
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| What do Americans call the Seven Years war? | The French and Indian war
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| Native American leader who recognized that British settlers threatened their way of life. | Pontiac
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| A religious revival that swept through the colonies. | The Great Awakening
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| The hub of the shipping trade in North America was in...? | New England
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| Labor for the southern rice fields was provided by...? | slaves
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| This called for one general government for all of the American colonies. | The Albany Plan of Union
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| A region of large southern plantations | The Tidewater
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| Laws passed in the southern states that controlled and restricted enslaved people. (governed slaves punishments) | Slave codes
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| First college in the United States | Harvard
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| British commander sent to conquer the French in the Ohio valley in America. | Edward Braddock
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| Edward Braddock was in charge of troops during what war? | French and Indian war
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| Who oversaw the French and Indian war in Europe? | William Pitt
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| What did the Treaty of Paris mark? | The end of North American power for France.
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| A leg of the triangular trade route in which slaves were shipped to the West Indies. | The Middle Passage
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| What did the Stamp Act tax? | All printed materials
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| Who was the leader of the Green Mountain Boys? | Ethan Allen
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| Who opposed any compromise with the American colonist? | King George III of England
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| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson
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| What did the Towshend Acts give the British Parliament the right to do? | Tax and make decisions for the colonies
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| Colonial leaders used the Boston Massacre killings as what? | Propaganda
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| The actions of the minutemen at Lexington and Concord are referred to as the.... | Shot heard around the world
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| What did Loyalist not consider unfair taxes a good reason for? | Rebellion
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| What did patriots want to fight for? | Independence
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| Who recommended George Washington be chosen as commander of the Continental Army? | John Adams
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| In the Olive Branch Petition, the colonists expressed their desire for what? | Peace, rights to be heard
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| What does Patrick Henry declare in his speech to the Second Virginia Convention? | War is unavailable but he welcomes it
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| Arguments for American independence written by this person in Common Sense greatly influenced colonist's opinions. | Thomas Paine
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| Thomas Paine thinks that America's involvement with Britain causes what, according to Common Sense? | Unneeded differences with European nations who could possibly become allies.
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| What is the opening line of Thomas Paine's The American Crisis? | These are times that try men's souls
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| On Christmas Night 1776, where did the Patriots score a victory? | Trenton
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| In 1777, William Howe captured what city causing the Congress to flee? | New York City
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| Where did the Patriot forces endure a winter of terrible suffering? | Valley Forge
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| What did the French agree to do after the Battle of Saratoga? | Support the colonist (US)
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| Which foreign troops helped defeat Charles Cornwallis? | French
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| What did the British agree to do after the Battle of Yorktown? | Withdraw from war because it was too costly
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| Which 3 men represented America at the peace talks in Paris? | Ben Franklin, John Adams, John Jay
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| What did Nathan Hale disguise himself as to spy on the British? | A Dutch schoolteacher
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| A French nobleman who became Washington's trusted aide. | Marquis de Lafayette
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| What was a famous quote attributed to John Paul Jones? | I have not yet begun to fight
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| What was the Hessian's main goal for winning the war? | money
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| After the war, what did George Washington do? | retired
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| What will "Sunshine Patriots" do according to the patriot writer Thomas Paine in The American Crisis? | Only serve the country when things are going well.
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| What were conditions like for the soldiers the winter at Valley Forge? | Naked and starving
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| Patriot name for series of Punitive passed by British in 1774? | Intolerable (Coercive) Acts
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| A dockworker who was part African and part Native American. | Crispus Attucks
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| Disguised herself as a young man & enlisted in the war. | Deborah Sampson
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| Joined her husband in battle. | Margaret Corbin
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| What did Paul Revere call out as he rode? | The British are coming. The regulars are out.
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| This said troops could not seize homes. | Writ of assistance
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| The opening statement of the Constitution. | Preamble
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| Patriot leader at Battle of Bunker Hill. | William Prescott
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| French nobleman and general who helped Washington during Revolutionary War | Compte de Rochambeau
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| American general who defected to (joined) the British | Benedict Arnold
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| A successful guerrilla leader for American army known as the Swamp Fox | Francis Marion
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| A former army officer from Prussia. Helped with military drills and tactics | Fredrich (Baron) Von Steuben
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