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Macromolecule "Extra

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
Functions of buffers   show
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Characteristics of Saturated Fat   show
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show -Not completely saturated with Hydrogen -Some bonds are not single bonds -Liquids at room temperature -Comes from plant products  
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show Unsaturated fats that were force fed hydrogen to turn them into solids. They are very unhealthy  
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Characteristics of Hydrogenated Oils   show
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Levels of protein structure   show
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Characteristics of Primary Structure(1°)   show
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show -Two different structure appearances-1)Alpha helix and 2)Beta pleated sheet -Alpha helix looks like a coil -Beta pleated sheet looks like a transverse wave -Hydrogen bonds start to form between various amino acids in the chain  
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Characteristics of Tertiary Structure(3°)   show
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show -More than one tertiary Stricture is linked together -Hydrogen bonds, peptide bonds, etc. -ex. Hemoglobin  
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Characteristics of Tertiary Structure(3°) cont.   show
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show -Two strands of Nucleotides -Strands of the double helix are anti-parallel -Nitrogen base groups A&T are double ringed structures(purines) -T&C are single ringed Structures(pyrimidines) -Number of pyrimidines is equal to the number of purines  
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DNA structure cont.   show
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show -Can be helpful/harmful -Any chemical that interferes with activity is an inhibitor -If inhibitor bonds to an enzyme with covalent bonds, usually not reversible(toxins, poisons) -If inhibitor bonds to an enzyme with hydrogen bonds, usually reversible  
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show -Competitive inhibition -Non-competitive inhibition -Feedback inhibition  
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Competitive Inhibition   show
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Non-competitive Inhibition   show
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Feedback Inhibition   show
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Cell Theory   show
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show -DNA -Cell membranes -Ribosome -Cytoplasm  
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Viruses   show
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show -Limit to how big cells can get -Better to have lots of little cells than one big cell -SA/V top of fraction has to be big in order to have a large Surface Area to Volume Ratio -As the SA of a cell increases the V also increases, but at a faster rate  
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Surface area to volume ratio cont.   show
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show -Always single celled -1-10 micrometers -no nucleus -no membrane bound organelle -No histons or introns -reproduce through binary fission -1 circular chromosome -Plasmids, nucleoids, pili, capsule -Cell wall(peptidoglycan) -70s Ribosomes  
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show -Can be single celled or multi-celled -1-100 micrometers -Nucleus -Many membrane bound organelles -Have histons & introns -Reproduce through Mitosis and Meiosis -Many linear chromosomes -80s Ribosomes -Cell wall(cellulose||chitin) -Cytoskeleton  
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Microscope   show
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Histons   show
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show -Commonly referred to as "junk" DNA -Sections of DNA that don't actually code for a protein  
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Cell Membrane   show
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Cytoplasm   show
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Ribosomes   show
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show -Location where DNA can be found -Only found in prokaryotic cells  
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Nucleus   show
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Nucleolus   show
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Pili   show
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show -Extra loops of DNA, contain only a few genes -carry resistance genes -Prokaryotic cells only  
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Flagella   show
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Capsule   show
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Cell Wall   show
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show -Make ATP by doing the 2nd and 3rd steps of cellular respiration -Eukaryots only(plants, animals, protists, fungi)  
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Rough ER(Endoplasmic Reticulum)   show
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show -Make Lipids -Eukaryots only  
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show -Stores perfected proteins and lipids(warehouse) -Proteins and lipids can bi shipped from there -Eukaryots only  
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Centrioles   show
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Lysosomes   show
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Microtubules (Cytoskeleton)   show
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Chloroplasts   show
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Large Vacuole   show
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