Methods Final
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| History | Outside influence on particpants during expt. over extended period of time
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| Maturation | lengthy studies, changes in subjects overtime, caused by natural development
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| Selection | Bias in selection/assigning to groups
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| Instrumentionation | changes in the scoring procedure
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| Statistical Regression | tendency for extreme scorers to move towards more typcial perfomance when retested
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| Mortality | changes in group composition because some participants have left the study
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| Multiple Treatment Inference | several treatments occur simultaneously
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| Hawtorn Effect | Reactive effects of experimental arrangements, subjects aware of study and therefore alter behavior
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| Experimenter Effect | Tendency of the individuals to improve simply because they are being treated (placebo effect)
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| Internal Validity | prove treatment caused the different effect
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| External Validity | generalizing the results to population
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| Internal Reliability | Members of research team agree about what they see and hear, more than one observer confirming
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| External Reliability | Can the study be replicated
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| Narrative Study | Reports to the life of a single individual
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| Case Study | Study of one particular phenomena with detailed in-depth data collection
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| Grounded Theory | Developing theory grounded in research from the field
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| Phenomenology | Describes the meaning for several individuals of their lived experiences of a concept or a phenomenon ex. Terminally ill cancer patients
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| Ethnography | focuses on entire culture group ex. swingers
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| Harm to Participants | physical, emotional, psychological, risk to health
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| Informed Consent | must be voluntary, consent has grey areas so researcher needs to be careful when asking for consent
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| Invasion of Privacy | protect confidentiality and privacy
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| Deception | people don't like to be tricked, but research sometimes requires it, debriefing helps to difuse tension
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| Pre-Test Post-Test Control Group Design | R O O
R O X O
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| Post-Test Only Control Group Design | R O
R X O
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| Solomon Four-Group Design | R O X O
R O O
R X O
R O
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| Pre-experimental One Group Pre-Test Design | A O X O
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