Anatomy - Muscles
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| What is the origin of the erector spinae | spinal proceses
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| insertion of the erector spinae | spinal proceses
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| action of erector spinae together | extend vertebral column
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| action of 1 side of the erector spinae | lateral flexion or abduction
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| action of the splenius-muscles together | extend neck
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| action of the splenius-separate muscles | laterally flex neck to the same side
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| action of the transversospinalis muslces | slight extension or roations of vertebral column
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| origin of the trapezius | occipital bone; spinous processess C7-C12
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| insertion of the trapezius | clavicle and scapula
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| action of the trapezius | elevate, retract, depress scapula, extend neck
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| origin of levator scapulae | C1-4 transverse processes
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| insertion of levator scapulae | vertebral border of scapula
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| action of the levator scapulae | scapular elevation
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| origin of the serratus anterior | ribs 1-8
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| insertion of the serratus anterior | Vertebral border of scapula
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| action of the serratus anterior | Protract shoulder, upward rotation
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| origin of pectoralis minor | ribs 3-5
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| insertion of pectoralis minor | coracoid process/scapula
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| action of pectoralis minor | depress shoulder, downward rotation of scapula
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| origin of the deltoid | clavicle and scapula
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| insertion of the deltoid | deltoid tuberosity
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| action of the deltoid | shoulder abduction, flexion/extension, medial rotation
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| origin of the supraspinatus | supraspinous fossa
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| insertion of the supraspinatus | greater turbercle
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| action of the supraspinatus | shoulder abduction
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| origin of the infraspinatus | infraspinous fossa
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| insertion of the infraspinatus | greater tubercle
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| action of the infraspinatus | shoulder lateral rotation
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| origin of the teres minor | lateral border of scapula
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| insertion of the teres minor | greater tubercle
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| action of the teres minor | shoulder lateral rotation
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| origin of subscapularis | Subscapular fossa
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| insertion of subscapularis | Lesser tubercle
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| action of subscapularis | Shoulder medial rotation
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| origin of latissimus dorsi | Inferior T and all L vertebrae, ribs 8-12
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| insertion of latissimus dorsi | Intertubercular sulcus
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| action of of latissimus dorsi | Shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation
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| origin of teres major | Scapula
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| insertion of teres major | Intertubercular sulcus of humerus
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| action of teres major | Shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation
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| origin of Pectoralis major | Clavicle, sternum, ribs 2-6
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| insertion of Pectoralis major | Greater tubercle, intertubercular sulcus
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| action of Pectoralis major | Shoulder flexion, adduction, medial rotation
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| origin of biceps brachii | Long head: supraglenoid tubercle
Short head: coracoid process
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| insertion of biceps brachii | Radial tuberosity
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| action of biceps brachii | Shoulder and elbow flexion
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| origin of triceps brachii | Long head: superior humerus
Lateral head: posterior humerus
Medial head: posterior humerus
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| insertion of triceps brachii | olecranon of ulna
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| action of triceps brachii | shoulder and elbow extension; shoulder adduction
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| origin of Brachialis | distal humerus
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| insertion of Brachialis | trochlea or coronoid process of ulna
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| action of Brachialis | Elbow flexion
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| origin of Brachioradialis | lateral epicondyle of humerus
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| insertion of of Brachioradialis | styloid process of radius
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| action of Brachioradialis | elbow flexion
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| origin of coracobrachialis | coracoid process of scapula
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| insertion of coracobrachialis | medial humerus
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| action of coracobrachialis | shoulder flexion, adduction
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| origin of Flexor carpi radialis | Medial epicondyle of humerus
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| insertion of of Flexor carpi radialis | Metacarpal
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| action of Flexor carpi radialis | Wrist flexion, abduction
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| origin of Flexor carpi ulnaris | Medial epicondyle of humerus
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| insertion of Flexor carpi ulnaris | Carpals and metacarpals
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| action of Flexor carpi ulnaris | Wrist flexion and adduction
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| origin of Pronator quadratus | Distal ulna
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| insertion of Pronator quadratus | Distal radius
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| action of Pronator quadratus | Forearm pronation
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| origin of Palmaris longus | Medial epicondyle of humerus
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| insertion of Palmaris longus | Palm aponeurosis
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| action of Palmaris longus | Wrist flexion
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| origin of Extensor carpi radialis longus | supracondyler ridge of humerus
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| insertion of Extensor carpi radialis longus | 2nd metacarpal
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| action of Extensor carpi radialis longus | Wrist extension, adduction
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| origin of Gluteus medius | Ilium and gluteal lines
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| insertion of Gluteus medius | Greater trochanter of femur
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| action of Gluteus medius | Hip abduction, medial rotation
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| origin of Psoas major | T12 – L5
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| insertion of Psoas major | Lesser trochanter of femur
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| action of Psoas major | Hip flexion
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| origin of Tensor fasciae latae | Iliac crest and spine
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| insertion of Tensor fasciae latae | Proximal lateral tibia via iliotibial tract
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| action of Tensor fasciae latae | Hip flexion, medial rotation
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| origin of Rectus femoris | Iliac spine
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| insertion of Rectus femoris | Tibial tuberosity
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| action of Rectus femoris | Hip flexion, knee extension
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| origin of Vastus lateralis | Greater trochanter, linea aspera
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| insertion of Vastus lateralis | Tibial tuberosity
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| action of Vastus lateralis | Knee extension
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| origin of vastus medialis | linea aspera
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| insertion of vastus medialis | Tibial tuberosity
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| action of vastus medialis | Knee extension
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| origin of Vastus intermedius | Anterior and lateral femoral surface
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| insertion of Vastus intermedius | Tibial tuberosity
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| action of Vastus intermedius | Knee extension
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| origin of Sartorius | iliac spine
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| insertion of Sartorius | medial tibia
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| action of Sartorius | lateral rotation, knee flexion
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| origin of Adductor longus | Ramus of pubis
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| insertion of Adductor longus | Linea aspera of femur
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| action of Adductor longus | Adduction, flexion and medial rotation of hip
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| origin of Adductor magnus | Ramus of pubis
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| insertion of Adductor magnus | Linea aspera of femur
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| action of Adductor magnus | Adduction, flexion, medial, & lateral rotation of hip
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| origin of Gracilis | Pubic ramus
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| insertion of Gracilis | Medial tibia
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| action of Gracilis | Hip adduction, medial rotation
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| origin of Pectineus | Ramus of pubis
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| insertion of Pectineus | Lessor trochanter
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| action of Pectineus | Adduction and medial rotation of hip
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| origin of Biceps femoris | Long head: ischial tuberosity Short head: linea aspera
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| insertion of Biceps femoris | Lateral tibia and fibula
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| action of Biceps femoris | Hip extension, knee flexion
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| origin of Semimembranosus | Ischial tuberosity
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| insertion of Semimembranosus | Medial condyle of tibia
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| action of Semimembranosus | Hip extension, knee flexion, medial rotation
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| origin of Semitendinosus | Ischial tuberosity
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| insertion of Semitendinosus | Medial condyle of tibia
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| action of Semitendinosus | Hip extension, knee flexion, medial rotation
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| origin of Tibialis anterior | lateral tibia
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| insertion of Tibialis anterior | 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
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| action of Tibialis anterior | Ankle dorsiflexion; inversion
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| orgin of Extensor digitorum longus | Lateral tibia and fibula
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| insertion of Extensor digitorum longus | Middle and distal phalanges 2-5
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| action of Extensor digitorum longus | IP extension
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| origin of Peroneus (fibularis) longus | Lateral tibia and fibula
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| insertion of Peroneus (fibularis) longus | 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
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| action of Peroneus (fibularis) longus | Plantarflexion; intertarsal eversion
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| origin of Gastrocnemius | Condyles of femur
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| insertion of Gastrocnemius | Calcaneus by way of calcaneal tendon
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| action of Gastrocnemius | Plantarflexion and inversion
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| origin of soleus | Head of fibula, medial tibia
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| insertion of soleus | Calcaneus by way of calcaneal tendon
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| action of soleus | plantarflexion
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| origin of Internal intercostals | Superior border of rib below
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| insertion of Internal intercostals | Inferior border of rib above
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| action of Internal intercostals | Depress ribs
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| origin of External Intercostals | Inferior border of rib above
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| insertion of External Intercostals | Superior border of rib above
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| action of External Intercostals | Elevate ribs
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| origin of Diaphragm | Xiphoid process, costal cartilage ribs 6-12, lumbar vertebrae
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| insertion of Diaphragm | Central tendon
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| action of Diaphragm | Expand thoracic cavity
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| origin of Rectus abdominis | Pubic bone
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| insertion of Rectus abdominis | Cartilage ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
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| action of Rectus abdominis | Flex vertebral column, depress ribs, compress abdomen
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| origin of External abdominal Oblique | Ribs 5-12
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| insertion of External abdominal Oblique | Iliac crest, linea alba
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| action of External abdominal Oblique | Flex vertebral column, depress ribs, compress abdomen
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| origin of Transversus abdominis | Cartilage ribs 6-12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
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| insertion of Transversus abdominis | Linea abla, pubis
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| action of Transversus abdominis | Compress abdomen
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| origin of Orbicularis oculi | Medial orbit
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| insertion of Orbicularis oculi | Eyelid skin
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| action of Orbicularis oculi | Close eye
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| origin of Orbicularis oris | Maxilla and mandible
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| insertion of Orbicularis oris | Lips
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| action of Orbicularis oris | Compress, purse lips
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| origin of Buccinator | Alveolar process of maxilla and mandible
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| insertion of Buccinator | Orbicularis oris
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| action of Buccinator | compress cheeks
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| origin of Zygomaticus major & minor | Zygomatic
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| insertion of Zygomaticus major & minor | Angle of mouth, upper lip
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| action of Zygomaticus major & minor | Draw corner of mouth up, angle
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| origin of Temporalis | Temporal bone
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| insertion of Temporalis | Coronoid process
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| action of Temporalis | mastication
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| origin of Occipitofrontalis | Galea aponeurotica
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| insertion of Occipitofrontalis | Skin of eyebrows, nose, occipital bone
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| action of Occipitofrontalis | Raise eyebrows, wrinkle forehead skin
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| origin of Platysma | 2nd rib and scapula
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| insertion of Platysma | Mandible
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| action of Platysma | Tense skin of neck, depress mandible
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| origin of Masseter | Zygomatic arch
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| insertion of Masseter | Ramus of mandible
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| action of Masseter | mastication
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| origin of Sternohyoid | Clavicle and manubrium
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| insertion of Sternohyoid | Hyoid
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| action of Sternohyoid | Depress larynx and hyoid
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| origin of Stylohyoid | styloid process
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| insertion of Stylohyoid | hyoid
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| action of Stylohyoid | elevate hyoid
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| origin of Sternocleidomastoid | Sternum, clavicle
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| insertion of Sternocleidomastoid | Mastoid process (temporal)
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| bilateral action of Sternocleidomastoid | flex neck
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| unilateral action of Sternocleidomastoid | rotate head to opposite side
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| origin of Digastric | Chin, mastoid process
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| insertion of Digastric | Hyoid
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| action of Digastric | Elevate larynx, depress mandible
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| origin of Mylohyoid | Mandible
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| insertion of Mylohyoid | hyoid
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| action of Mylohyoid | Elevate oral floor, depress mandible
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| origin of Sternothyroid | Sternum
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| insertion of Sternothyroid | Thyroid cartilage (larynx)
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| action of Sternothyroid | Depress larynx and hyoid
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| origin of extensor carpi ulnaris | lateral epicondyle of humerus
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| insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris | 5th metacarpal
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| action of extensor carpi ulnaris | wrist extension, adduction
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| gluteus maximus origin | iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
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| gluteus maxiumus insertion | iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity
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| gluteus maximus action | hip extension, lateral rotation
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| origin of gluteus minimus | external inferior surface of ilium
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| insertion of gluteus minimus | greater trochanter of femur
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| action of gluteus minimus | abduct; medially rotates thigh
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