30 Landmark Supreme Court Cases
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| show | Established the principle of judicial review.
Strengthened the power of the judicial branch by giving the Supreme Court the authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.
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| show | Confirmed the right to Congress to utilize implied powers to carry out its expressed power.
Validated the supremacy of the national government over the states.
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| Gibbons v. Ogden 1824 | show 🗑
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| Engel v. Vitale 1962 | show 🗑
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| show | Struck down state funding for private religious schools.
Ruled that state aid to churches must meet three tests-clearly secular, neither prohibit nor advance religion, must not foster "excessive entanglement".
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| Reynolds v. United States 1879 | show 🗑
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| show | Banned the use of illegal drugs in religious ceremony.
Ruled that the government can act when religious practices violate criminal laws.
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| show | Ruled that free speech could be limited when it presents a clear and present danger.
Established the "clear and present danger test" to define conditions under which public authorities can limit free speech.
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| show | Ruled that public officials cannot win a suit for defamation unless the statement is made with actual malice.
Established the actual malice standard to promote uninhibited, robust, and wide open public debate.
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| show | Ruled that obscenity is not constitutionally protected free speech.
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| Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District 1969 | show 🗑
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| Texas v. Johnson 1989 | show 🗑
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| Barron v. Baltimore 1833 | show 🗑
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| Gitlow v. New York 1925 | show 🗑
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| show | Established the exculsionary rule in federal cases.
Prohibited evidence obtained by illegal searches and seizures from being admitted in court.
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| Mapp v. Ohio 1961 | show 🗑
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| show | Ruled that the Sixth Amendment right-to-counsel provision applies to those accused of crimes under state laws.
Illustrates the process of incorporation by which
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| Miranda v. Arizona 1966 | show 🗑
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| show | Ruled that African Americans were not citizens and therefore could not petition the Supreme Court.
Overturned by the Fourteenth Amendment.
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| Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 | show 🗑
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| show | Ruled that racially segregated schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Reversed the principle of "seperate but equal" established in Plessy v. Ferguson.
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| Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 1978 | show 🗑
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| show | Upheld the affirmative action policy of the University of Michigan Law School.
Upheld the Bakke ruling that race could be considered, but quotas could not.
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| show | Ruled that a connecticut law criminalizing the use of contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy.
Established precedent for Roe v. Wade.
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| Baker v. Carr 1962 | show 🗑
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| show | Established the principle "one person one vote" in drawing congressional districts.
Triggered widespread redistricting that gave cities and suburbs greater representation in Congress.
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| Korematsu v. United States 1944 | show 🗑
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| show | Ruled that there is no constitutional guarantee of unqualified executive privilege.
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| show | Upheld federal limits on campaign contributions.
Struck down the portion of the Federal Election Campaign Act limiting the amount of money individuals can contribute to their own campaign.
Spending money on own campaign constitutionally protected
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