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The Middle Ages

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Term
Definition
Middle Ages/Medieval Times   It lies between ancient and modern times  
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Feudal System/Feudalism   A form of government in Medieval Europe  
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Fief   The land that a vassal got from the king/lord  
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Investiture Ceremony   The ceremony where the vassal received his fief and swore fealty to the king  
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Knights   Medieval horse soldiers, addressed as sir  
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Tournaments   Mock battles  
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Maces   Heavy metal clubs used by a knight  
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Jousting   Two knights rode straight at eachother holding lances to try unseat his opponent  
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Hawking   Knights used specially trained birds of prey to hunt down other birds  
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Motte and Bailey   One of the earliest type of castles, quick and easy to build  
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Disadvantages of a Motte and Bailey   Usually small and cramped,the wood in them would rot over time and they could be burned if attackers shot flaming arrows at them! soon replaced with longer-lasting stone.  
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Moat   A deep ditch around the castle sometimes containing water  
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Turrets   Towers built along the outer walls  
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Barbicans   Extra Strong towers built next to the entrance  
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The Keep   A strong tower within the walls, at the heart of the castle where the lord and his family stayed  
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Bailey/Bawn   An open courtyard inside the outer walls containing, the servants'houses,stables and other buildings  
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Porticullis   An iron grid which got lowered to keep the enemies out  
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Garderobe   An indoor toilet in the stone castles  
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Manor   The lord's estate  
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Lady of the Manor   The lord's wife  
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A Wimple   A lady's head scarf  
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Peasants   Poor country people  
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Freemen   Paid rent to the lord but owed him no other duties  
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Serf/Villeins   They belonged to the lord and his manor and could not leave without his permission. Paid rent by giving crops or animals to the lord  
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Tithes   One-tenth of their crops  
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A Charter   A special document from the king/Queen  
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The Mayor   The town corporation leader  
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Black Death   A deadly plague that spread rapidly carried by fleas borne by rats. Its called 'Black Death' because of the big black boils you get when you have it  
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Fire Curfew   All fires has to be put out by sunset  
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Constable   The town would elect a person to be the 'constable' to enforce all the laws  
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The Watch   The constable was helped by a group who were giving the name 'The Watch' because they were constantly watching out for a crime being committed  
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Guild   An organisation that controlled each craft  
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Bayeaux Tapestry   An old Norman tapestry that depicts the story of the Norman invasion of England. Designed and made after the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when the Normans defeated the English.(a valuable primary historical source).  
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