World History 6.2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Hobbes | Political Thinker
-believed ruler needed total power to keep citizens under control
-also people obey a ruler in exchange for law & order
- thought all humans were naturally selfish & wicked
-his view on government= absolute monarchy
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| Locke | Political Thinker
-positive view on human nature
-believed people learn from their experience to improve themselves
-also government's power comes from the consent of people
-think purpose of government is to protect the rights
criticized absolute m
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| What was Locke's 3 natural rights he think people are born with? | Life, Liberty & Property `
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| Voltaire | Most brilliant Philosopher
-never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion & freedom of speech
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| Montesquieu | Writer
- believed separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of the government
-Political liberty
-must divide powers for a good government
-"checks & balances"
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| Rousseau | Philosopher
-argued that civilization corrupted people's natural goodness
-good government=freely formed by the people & direct democracy
-social contact=among free individuals to create a society&a government
-give up some freedom for the common good
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| Wollstonecraft | Writer
-argued that women like men need education to become excellent&useful
-should enter similar fields as men
-at the time, women still '2nd class'
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| Beccaria | Philospher
-believed laws existed to preserve social order, not to avenge crimes
-believed a person accused of crimes should have a speedy trial& torture should never be used
-think degree of punishment should fit the crime
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| Enlightenment | A new intellectual movement that stressed reason& thought& the power of individuals to solve problems
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| Social Contact | an agreement to let people to create a government
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| Philosophies | philosophers
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| How did each of the ideas of the philosophies contribute to the American Declaration of Independence& The Bill of Rights | Locke/His natural rights/made fundamental to U.S Declaration of Independence. Montesquieu/ his separation of powers/ impacted France, U.S& Latin American nations to use separation of powers in new constitution.
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| How did each of the ideas of the philosophies contribute to the American Declaration of Independence& The Bill of Rights 2 | Voltaire/Freedom of thought&expression& Religious belief/Guaranteed in U.S Bill of Rights&French Declaration of the Rights of Man&Citizen; European monarchs reduce or eliminate censorship & reduce persecution.
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| How did each of the ideas of the philosophies contribute to the American Declaration of Independence& The Bill of Rights 3 | Wollstonecraft/Women's equality/Women's rights groups form in Europe& North America. Beccaria/Abolishment of torture/ Guaranteed in U.S Bill of Rights; torture outlawed or reduced in nations of Europe& the Americas
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