BYU PdBio 305 Dr. Rhees Reproduction
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| gonadal development depends on what | show 🗑
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| how does the presence of a Y chromosome result in a male? | show 🗑
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| show | ovaries, testes
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| show | presence or absence of the hormone testosterone
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| androgens | show 🗑
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| wolffian ducts | show 🗑
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| show | up unti the 7th week of development, embryos of each sex posses mullerian ducts (form internal female structures)
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| mullerian inhibiting factor | show 🗑
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| human chorionic gonadotropin | show 🗑
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| show | epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and seminal vesicles
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| female reproductive tract | show 🗑
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| external reproductive structures requre | show 🗑
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| genitalia are mostly formed after how many weeks | show 🗑
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| show | testosterone
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| differences in male and female brain | show 🗑
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| show | 3-5 years
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| menstruation started in 1840 at what age | show 🗑
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| sebaceous glands | show 🗑
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| show | female hormone related to menstruation period
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| show | early puberty; early development of secondary sex characteristics; caused by abnormal exposure of immature females to estrogen or males to androgens; often caused by tumors of the gonads or adrenal glands
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| show | menarche has failed to occur by age 17, testes failed to develop by age 20
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| show | colder
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| show | testicular lobules (250 compartments)
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| Each lobule in the teste contains | show 🗑
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| function of seminiferous tubules | show 🗑
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| function of Leydig cells | show 🗑
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| show | small coiled tube which measures about 20 feet, lies along the top and side of the testes; site of maturation of sperm
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| capacitation | show 🗑
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| show | tubes that carry sperm from the epididmis up into the abdominal cavity to the ejaculatory duct near the bladder; at the end of the vas deferens is an expanded region called the "ampulla" which serves as a reservoir for sperm
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| show | a small incision is made in the scrotum, the vas deferens is tied in two places and the segments between the ties are removed
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| show | carry sperm from vas deferens to urethra
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| show | tube extending from the urinary bladder through the flor of the pelvic cavity and then through the penis; carries urine from bladder and sperm from ejaculatory duct
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| show | seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands; these glands secrete seminal plasma which mixes with the sperm to form semen or seminal fluid
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| seminal vesicles | show 🗑
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| show | lies below the bladder and is doughnut shaped; urethra pases through the small hole in the center; secretes alkaline fluid (13-33% of volume) that helps protect the sperm from the acidic environment of the male urethra and female vagina
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| bulbourethral glands | show 🗑
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| male fertility | show 🗑
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| number of sperm produced daily | show 🗑
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| show | 3-4 days
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| sperm count per ejaculation | show 🗑
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| how many sperm enter fallopian tube | show 🗑
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| show | few hundred
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| show | fertilized egg
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| what happens to dead sperm in female | show 🗑
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| show | 50% man 50% woman
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| show | head (contains nucleus with 23 chromosomes), acrosome (enzyme filled vesicle), tail (for movement), midpiece (contains a large number of mitochondria)
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| show | pear shaped organ situated in the pelvic cavity above the urinary bladder and in front of rectum- 3 inches long, 2 wide, 1 thick; larger in multiparous women
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| two main regions of the uterus | show 🗑
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| two main components of the wall | show 🗑
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| show | serve as ducts for ovaries (diameter of drinking straw); fertilization usually takes place there)
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| ovaries | show 🗑
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| ovarian follicles | show 🗑
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| show | 500,000
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| show | 400
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| show | production of mature egg;when there is estrogen present, the immature oocyte will go from a primary, to secondary, to tertiary follicle. the large follicle that develops during the cycle is called a graafian follicle. It is this follicle that breaks ope
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| secretion | show 🗑
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| Estrogen | show 🗑
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| show | produced by corpus luteum and placenta; stimulate development of secondary sex structures; inhibits contraction of uterine muscle
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| show | 29.5 days
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| show | menstruation starts, estrogen and progesterone levels are low, FSH stimulates the development of the follicle (the egg inside the follicle), several follicles start to develop-follicle secrete estrogen
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| day 7 of ovarian cycle | show 🗑
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| show | high levels of LH stimulate ovulation; LH surge occurs 16 hours before ovulation; expulsion of egg from the mature follicle--ovaries usually alternate
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| indications of ovulation | show 🗑
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| fertile period length | show 🗑
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| show | LH stimulates the transformation of follicle cell into a corpus luteum (yellow body)
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| cells of corpus luteum secrete | show 🗑
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| show | the corpus persists; Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy, which in turn maintains the levels of estrogen and progesterone
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| HCG | show 🗑
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| day 23 of ovarian cycle if no pregnancy | show 🗑
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| show | low levels of estrogen and progesterone cause ischemia in the endometrium, which initiates the beginning of the next cycle in one to two days
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| show | day 1-5 menstrual phase; 6-14 postmenstrual, preovulatory, or follicular phase; day 14 ovulation; day 14-27 premenstrual, postovulatory, or luteal phase; day 27-28 ischemic phase
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| show | 6-7 days
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| intrauterin implantation | show 🗑
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| extrauterine implantation | show 🗑
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| pregancy lasts how long | show 🗑
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| show | first 2 weeks after conception
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| embryo | show 🗑
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| show | 25 pounds
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| during pregnancy, which hormones increase | show 🗑
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| show | increases in size and activity
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| show | increase
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| parturition | show 🗑
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| factors that increase contractibility of the uterus | show 🗑
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| show | 1)cervical dilation-up to 10 cm 2)delivery of the baby 3)delivery of the placenta (afterbirth)
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| show | 52
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| menopause (what happens) | show 🗑
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| show | estrogen replacement therapy using premarin; there's recent evidence that ERT might not be so good
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| show | relieves hot flashes, insomnia, vaginal dryness, mood swings, and heart disease
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| risks of ERT | show 🗑
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| tubal ligation | show 🗑
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