24.2--Layers of the GI Tract
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| Mucosa | Mucous; Deepest Layer. Epithelium, Lamina Propria, Muscularis Mucosae
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| Mucosa--Epithelium | Function: Protection, Secretion, and Absorption
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| Mucosa--Lamina Propria | Areolar Connective Tissue; Contains Blood and Lymphatic Vessels. Supports mucosa and binds to muscularis mucosa. Has nodules
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| MALT | Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue; Immune Response. All of GI tract, especially in tonsils, small intestine, appendix, large intestine
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| Mucosa--Muscularis Mucosae | Causes mucous membrane of stomach and small intestine to form many small folds (for surface area).
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| Submucosa | Meshwork of Collagenous Fibers, Nerves, and Blood Vessels. Connective tissue that binds mucosa to muscularis. Highly vascular, contains Submucosal Plexus
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| Submucosal Plexus | Control Enteric Nervous System (ANS of gut). Sensory and motor neurons, regulates movements of mucosa and vasoconstrictions, and secretions of GI tract
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| Muscularis | Skeletal Muscle: Mouth, pharynx, and middle esophagus -- voluntary swallowing; Anal Sphincter -- defacation
Smooth Muscle: Inner circular fibers and outer longitudinal fibers--Involuntary contractions for digestion, mixing, and propulsion
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| Myenteric Plexus | Vasomotor to Muscularis. Tract mobility and strength
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| Serosa | Serous Membrane of Connective Tissue and simple Squamous; Visceral Peritoneum; Has serous fluid for immne protection and lubrication. Not in Esophagus
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| Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous | In Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, and Anal Canal -- Protective Function
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| Simple Columnar | In Stomach and Intestines -- Secretion and Absorption
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| Connective Tissue | Lamina Propria, Submucosa, Serosa
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