7-18 mediastinum
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| Where would you place your stethoscope to listen to the mitral valve? | Apex of heart--left 5th intercostal space
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| What structures are in the middle mediastinum? | Pericardium, heart, roots of great vessels- ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, SVC
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| What structures are in the superior mediastinum? | Thymus, great vessels (brachiocephalic veins and SVC), aortic arch, phrenic and vagus nerves, thoracic duct, lympathic trunks
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| What structures are in the posterior mediastinum? | Thoracic aorta, thoracic duct, lympathic trunks, lymph nodes, azygos, hemiazygos, esophagus, esophageal nerve plexus
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| What structures are in the anterior mediastinum? | Loose connective tissues, fat, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, branchesof internal thoracic vessels
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| When is the thymus most active? | Childhood
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| What does the thymus play a role in? | Immune system, T cell maturation
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| What two veins form the superior vena cava? | Right and left brachiocephalic veins
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| What are the three branches of the aortic arch? | Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian artery
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| What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into? | Right common carotid artery andright subclavian artery
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| What wraps around the right subclavian artery? | Right recurrent laryngeal artery
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| What wraps around the aorta? | Left recurrent laryngeal artery
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| What is the cardiac plexus near to? | The carina
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| What is the esophagus posterior and anterior to? | Posterior to trachea and anterior to vertebral column
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| What immpulses does a plexus have? | Sensory and autonomic
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| What innervates the esophagus? | Vagus nerve
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| What plexuses does the vagus nerve attribute to? | Cardiac and esophageal plexuses
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| What are the sympathetic ganglion? | Collection of nerves
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| What carries sympathetic impulses from the spinal cord? | Sympathetic trunk
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| What vein is on the right side, but not the left? | Azygos vein
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| What drains to the azygos vein? | Intercostal veins
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| What does the azygos drain into? | Superior vena cava
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| What major artery is on the left side, but not on the right? | Aorta
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| What does the hemiazygos drain into? | Azygos
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| What are the right and left venous angles formed by? | Internal jugular and subclavian veins
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| Where does the left thoracic duct drain? | Left venous angle
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| What does the right lymphatic duct drain? | Above diaphragm and entire right half
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| Where does the right thoracic duct drain? | Right venous angle
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| What does the thoracic duct drain? | Diaphragm down and left side of head, neck, upper extremity
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| What does the right superior intercostal vein drain to? | Subclavian vein
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| Where does the left superior intercostal vein drain into? | Brachiocephalic vein
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| What is the parasympathetic division of the left vagus? | Anterior vagal trunk
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| What is the paraysmpathetic division of the right vagus? | Posterior vagal trunk
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| What is the structure differentiating between anterior and posterior vagal trunks? | Esophagus
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| What are the three main openings of the diaphragm? | Aorta, esophagus, inferior vena cava
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| What are the vertebral areas the openings are near? | T8- inferior vena cava
T10- esophagus
T12- aorta
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| What causes a hernia? | The openings are too wide so other things go through it
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