Midterm
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| From Pictograph to Ideograph to the Modern Alphabet | Learning symbols that went from pictures or evolved to messages used to communicate. The Romans began
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| Phoenicians in reading history | Created the alphabets
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| Greeks | Called leters the alpha and Beta together was called alphabets and added vowels
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| Romans | carried to england and inforced the written language
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| The Chinese discovered | Paper book printed in 1337 in Korea
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| Johann Gutenberg | First printer , bible
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| research conducted in reading instruction | Using the sight-say instruction using the phonics awareness or phonics
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| Describe the feeling of being illiterate | Inadaquate sub-level, unable to express feelings or ideas.
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| Describe the sounds of language | 26 letters 44 different speech sounds with 70 phonogram sounds.
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| Explain why phonics based reading instruction is important | Helps to breakdown the alphabetic codes allows reading and writing and pronunciation as well as spelling
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| Describe the history of literacy in the U.S. | Literacy began with a sound teaching method sight-sound and reading literature, but students outcomes shows that literacy did not evolve. Phonics awarness a research evidence method has proven better insight into the literacy in the U.S.
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| Explain why there is an illiteracy problem in the U.S. | Teaching students words or whole lanquage does not help them reading is a combinition of sounds, deciphering , spelling and comphrehension.
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| Define why government is involved in the issue of literacy. ? | In 1986, the United States Department of Education published What Works: Research About Teaching and Learning,They became concern because of low rankings in literacy worldwide -authorization of IDEA and the
In enactment of 2002 NCLB
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| phonics phonemic awareness phoneme grapheme | phonics is the sounds letter make
phonemic awareness-Becoming aware of the sounds that letters make
phoneme is the smallest unit of sound /a/
grapheme--A written symbol that is used to represent speech "the Greek alphabet has 24 grapheme
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| phonogram pictograph | phonogram-Any written symbol standing for a sound, syllable, morpheme or word
pictograph-A graphic character used in picture writing
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| •ideograph •alpha | ideograph---A graphic character that indicates the meaning of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it Chinesse used ideographs
•alpha--The 1st letter of the Greek alphabet
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| •beta •Phoenicians | •beta--The 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet
•Phoenicians-The extinct language of an ancient Semitic people who dominated trade in the ancient world
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| kinesthetic method | an approach to letter-word recognition that advocates the physical tracing of large letters and words simultaneously pronouncing the sounds in the words
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| multi-sensory | simultaneously using as many senses as possible (seeing, hearing, touching, verbalizing, tasting, smelling).
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| eclectic | an approach to teaching reading that combines elements of all methods
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| whole language | a philosophy of facilitating children's developing the skill of reading naturally when they are ready
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| guided reading | repeating a story after the facilitator reads it out loud
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| sight reading | a method of teaching children to read by having them memorize up to 400 words per year for 8-12 years
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| look-say | another name for sight-reading
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| whole-word | another name for sight-reading
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| controlled vocabulary | limited number of words in a story
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| decodable text | sentence/story using only the sounds learned to that point
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| balanced approach | instruction in decoding and comprehension skills taught separately until the student masters decoding.
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| syntax | grammar and mechanics of written language.
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| semantics | meaning and comprehension of written language
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| principles of teaching according to NICHD | Teach phonics awareness—Words are made up of sounds.
Sound-spelling---Sound-spelling goes with instruction in phonics awareness
Teach frequent---Highly regular sounds.
Teach comprehension---Teach using stories students can relate to.
Teach decoding---
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| areas of research did the National Reading panel | Alphabetic
Comprehension- the meaning of words and sentences.
Fluency which was the smooth transition while reading.
Teacher education- Making sure teachers were qualified to teach in certain areas.
Technology
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| balanced approach | is using comprehension along with decoding instruction concidered by (NICHD).
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| Explain reading a skill learned quickly and easily | Depending on methods phonics or phonics awareness . The alpha-beta codes of english language .70 phonograms
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| Differenciate between the methods and materials | Methods should be used along with students experience, materials should be visual along with describtion or kinesic methods of demonstration
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| Describe how to utilize scientific research in choosing methods or materials | Research should be evidence based meaning methods are proven ways to teach reading.
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| Explain the sound-symbol relationship of teaching reading | Teaching sound symbol used this method by it self no mixing. as a primary function of teaching reading.
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| utilize scientific research RBSPI means using methods that are based on replicable, scientific research | teach the alphabetic code of English in a systematic and sequential manner from simplest to most complex
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| Researchers, found phonics easily and quickly learned. | have found that small children learn isolated letters and sounds very easily and that learning phonics
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| •listening vocabulary | the words a person hears and understands
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| •kinesthetic method | an approach to letter-word recognition that advocates the physical tracing of large letters and words simultaneously pronouncing the sounds in the words
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| •eclectic | an approach to teaching reading that combines elements of all methods
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| •rote learning | another name for sight reading.
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| •balanced approach | instruction in decoding and comprehension skills taught separately until the student masters decoding
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| •graphemes | written symbols/letters
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| •phonics | sound-spelling correspondences
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| •RBSPI | stands for Research Based Systematic Phonics Instruction
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| •auditory skills | needed to learn phonics include the ability to detect rhymes and alliteration, hold spoken word and sounds in memory, and perceive minimal differences in spoken words (e.g., pat versus cat). ability to blend separate sounds to form words
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| visual abilities | include an ability to visually discriminate among letters and printed words, remember the visual forms of letters and words, and track a sequence of words from left to right and top to bottom on a page.
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| PICTURE CUES | are used only to introduce sounds.
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| Systematic | means the order of instruction should progress in a sequential teaching form from easier to more difficult sound-spelling relationships, and once a new sound-spelling relationship is introduced it is practiced daily, first in isolation and then in the c
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| sound-spelling | Students should be explicitly taught the single sound of each letter or letter combination
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| 5 areas of the panel reviewed research | Alphabetic
Comprehension- the meaning of words and sentences.
Fluency which was the smooth transition while reading.
Teacher education- Making sure teachers were qualified to teach in certain areas.
Technology- New methods in technology and effecti
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| first book printed US | Bay Psalm Book of 1640 by Stephen Daye
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| enunciation | The articulation of speech regarded from the point of view of its intelligibility to the audiences
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| intelligibility | The quality of language that is comprehensible
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| .the sound-symbol correspondence | .known to be the most effective method
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| the eclectic method, | known to be the least effective method
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| Alphabetic | Phonemic awareness instruction
Systematic phonics instruction
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