History 1302 - Test 3
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| Explain why Americans became interested in overseas empires in the late 19th century | the end of the frontier sparked fears about diminishing opportunities at home; farms looked for overseas markets; importance of foreign markets continued economic growth - NOT BRITISH WARS
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| Discuss the tenets of Social Darwinism espoused by Josiah Strong | Civilize the world under Anglo-Saxon races; Christianity; Anglo-Saxon superiority; God made Americans Christian
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| Describe the basic goals of the 19th century American foreign policy | Wanted to gain Hawaii - did not want Africa
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| List the foreign policy goals of William H. Seward | Canada and Mexico; Islands in Caribbean to protect canal across the Isthmus; Hawaii and other islands as a stepping stone to Asia
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| Explain US foreign policy towards Latin America from 1869-1896 | Eroded European influence in Latin America - diverted Latin American trade through a series of reciprocity treaties; US supported Venezuela against Great Britain
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| Discuss the US relationship with Hawaii in the 19th century | 1875: US granted Hawaiian sugar free entry; Queen Liliuokalani retaliated
1887: US granted port facilities (in Samoa) Pearl Harbor
1899: US shared control with Germany
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| Explain why Americans favored the annexation of Hawaii | wanted it as a military base; fear of other countries getting it; depended on the sugar; NOT PINEAPPLE
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| List the participants in the dispute over Pago Pago in 1889 | US, Great Britain, Germany
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| Describe Alfread Thayer Mahan's arguments for a new Navy | overseas markets are essential for industrial surpluses;markets involved distant ports; reaching them required a large merchant marine and a strong navy to protect it at sea
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| List the causes of the Spanish American War | Rebellion in Cuba; "Yellow Press" whipped up US sentiment to favor Cuban independence; explosion of the Maine; congress declared Cuba independent; passed "Teller Amendment"
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| Describe the types of US troops used in the Spanish American War | US regular army too small; ill prepared; had black soldiers; there was NO draft
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| List the major campaigns and ranking officers involved in the Spanish American War | Commodore George Dewey - against the Spanish base in the Philippines; Admiral William T Sampson against Admiral Pascaul Cever's main fleet; Rough riders; San Juan Hill
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| Describe the New American Empire after the Spanish American War | Fate of the Philippines was the thorniest issue at the peace negotiations; December 1898 - Treaty of Paris
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| Explain the reason for the opposition in the US to overseas empire | Debate over annexation of the Philippines; Against big armies, government, and debt; Republican ideals incompatible with imperialism
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| Discuss John Hay's "Open Door" policy in China | No European nation should carve out a sphere of influence in China and exclude other from trading; Despite American claims to the contrary - the other countries did not accept it; Policy opened the potential for later conflict with powers in the Pacific
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