Social Studies
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| Federal Judiciary Act | The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the lower federal courts
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| Cabinet | the executive and policy-making body of a country, consisting of all government ministers or just the senior ministers
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| Tariff | A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.
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| Foreign Policy | a policy governing international relations.
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| Political Party | A political group that agrees on certain things
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| George Washington | Washington: 1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799).
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| Alexander Hamilton | United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank.
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| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.
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| John Adams | 2nd President of the United States (1735-1826).
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| Marbury V. Madison | Marbury v. Madison, is a landmark case in United States law. It formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States.
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| Unconstitutional | Not in accordance with a political constitution, esp. the US Constitution, or with procedural rules.
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| Francis Scott Key | United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812
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| James Madison | 4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776.
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| Judicial Review | Review by the Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.
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| Louisiana Purchase | The territory sold by France to the US in 1803, comprising the western part of the Mississippi valley.
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| Impressment | the act of coercing someone into government service.
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| Judiciary Act of 1801 | The Midnight Judges Act (also known as the Judiciary Act of 1801) represented an effort to solve an issue in the U.S. Supreme Court.
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| Meriwether Lewis | American explorer who accompanied William Clark exploring the Louisiana Purchase.
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| William Clark | American explorer who accompanied Meriwether lewis exploring the Louisiana Purchase.
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| Sacagawea | An American-Indian who guided Lewis and Clark in the Louisiana Purchase.
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| Industrial Recolution | The replacing of hand work with machine work.
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| Factory System | The factory system was a method of manufacturing first adopted in England at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 1750s.
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| Interchangeable Parts | Parts developed to all be the same
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| Henry Clay | "The Great Compromiser" wrote many compromises
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| Cotton Gin | An invention made to get the seeds out of cotton
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| Sectionalism | States are more important than nationalism
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| Nationalism | Pride for your nation
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| Eli Whitney | Great inventor for his time
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| American System | consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other 'internal improvements' to develop profitable markets for agriculture.
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| Samuel Morse | Invented morse code
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| Missouri Compromise | an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories.
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| Monroe Doctorine | Kept out European settlers from America
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| James Monroe | 5th President of the United States; author of the Monroe Doctrine
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| Robert Fulton | American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815).
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| Jacksonian Democracy | Ruled by the people with out big city banks
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| spoils system | Whoever is the winner gets all the prizes like whatever cabinet members he wants
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| Indian Removal Act | The Indian Removal Act, part of a United States government policy known as Indian removal, was signed into law by President Andrew.
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| Trail of Tears | A path that the Cherokee Indians traveled when they were exiled
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| Tariff of Abominations | The Tariff of 1828, was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828 designed to protect industry in the north.
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| John C. Calhoun | John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was the seventh Vice President of the United States and a leading Southern leader
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| Doctrine of nullification | Dealt with states rights' and what they could and couldn't do
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| secession | Formally withdrawing from the union
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| Panic of 1837 | all the banks lost their money and people lost their money as well
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| Andrew Jackson | 7th president of the US; successfully defended New Orleans from the British in 1815, and also expanded the power of the presidency.
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| John Quincy Adams | 6th President of the United States; son of John Adams (1767-1848).
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| depression | A time of sadness
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| land speculator | Someone who looks to buy large amounts of land
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| Santa Fe Trai | A route, established in the 1820s, from St. Louis in Missouri to Santa Fe in New Mexico.
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| Oregon Trail | A trail for settlers that led to Oregon
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| Manifest destiny | The belief that we need to expand westward
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| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | The treaty that gained the US mexican land after the Mexican war
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| Mexican cession | Land gained from the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo
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| California Gold Rush | People found gold in California and caused a national craze for gold
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| emigrant | A person who leaves their own country to settle permanently in another.
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| immigrant | A person who comes to a certain country
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| Push-pull factors | Factors that make you want to leave a country or move to it
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| famine | An extreme shortage of food
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| prejudice | Judging something before you really know it
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| Brigham Young | The founder of mormanism
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| James Polk | 11th President of the United States; his expansionism led to the Mexican War and the annexation of California.
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| civil disobedience | Peacefully disobeying the law
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| transcendentalism | A 19th-century idealistic philosophical and social movement that taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity.
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| temperance movement | A temperance movement is a social movement against the use of alcoholic beverages.
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| labor union | Group of workers
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| strike | Not working for a reason
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| abolition | Anti-Slavery
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| underground railroad | A secret organization that helped free slaves
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| Seneca Falls Convention | The Seneca Falls Convention was an early and influential women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York.
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| suffrage | People's Rights
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| Horace Mann | United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859).
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| Dorthea Dix | Fought for the reform of insane asylums and prisons.
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| Frederick Douglass | A former slave who spoke out against slavery.
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| Sojourner Truth | United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and women's rights.
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| Harriet Tubman | Ran the underground railroad which freed slaves
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| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | United States suffragist and feminist; called for reform of the practices that perpetuated sexual inequality (1815-1902).
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| Wilmot Proviso | The Wilmot Proviso, one of the major events leading to the Civil War, would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico
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| Compromise of 1850 | Defused a confrontation between slave states and the northern states
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| Uncle Tom’s Cabin | Book written about Southern slavery
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| Fugitive Slave Act | North had to return freed slaves`
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| popular sovereignty | Popular Vote
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| Kansas-Nebraska Act | The Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
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| Dred Scott v. Sanford | Ruled that slaves are property and dont have rights
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| Harpers Ferry | Scene of where john brown fought for slaves
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| Confederate States of America | The southern states that seceded from the union
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| Stephen Douglas | an American politician from the western state of Illinois
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| Harriet Beecher Stowe | United States writer of a novel about slavery that advanced the abolitionists' cause (1811-1896).
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| John Brown | Tried to lead a revolt for slaves
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| Abraham Lincoln | President during the civil war
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| Jefferson Davis | American statesman; president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.
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| Ft. Sumter | A historic site in the harbor of Charleston in South Carolina. It is the site of the beginning of the Civil War 1861.
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| blockade | An act of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving.
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| William T. Sherman | William Tecumseh Sherman (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator and author.
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| 1st Bull Run | Bull Run: either of two battles during the American Civil War (1861 and 1862); Confederate forces defeated the Federal army in both battles.
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| cavalry | Soldiers who fought on horseback.
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| John Wilkes Booth | Assassinated President Lincoln
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| Battle of Antietam | The Battle of Antietam (also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the South), fought on September 17, 1862, was the bloodiest battle in the Civil War.
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| Emancipation Proclamation | Freed the slaves
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| 54th Massachusetts Regiment | The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that saw extensive service in the Union Army during the civil war made of free slaves
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| Battle of Gettysburg | Turning point of the Civil War
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| Gettysburg Address | A speech delivered on November 18, 1863, by President Abraham Lincoln at the dedication of the national cemetery on the site of the battle of Gettysburg
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| Siege of Vicksburg | Vicksburg: a decisive battle in the American Civil War (1863); after being besieged for nearly seven weeks the Confederates surrendered.
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| Appomattox Court House | The site where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant
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| Robert E. Lee | Confederate Leader
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| Ulysses S. Grant | Union Leader and later president
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| 13th Amendment | Freed the slaves
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| 14th Amendment | In 1866, the amendment was passed and gave blacks the right of citizenship in America.
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| 15th Amendment | the constitutional amendment passed after the Civil War that guaranteed blacks the right to vote.
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