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Final Exam Review
Social Studies
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Federal Judiciary Act | The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the lower federal courts |
Cabinet | the executive and policy-making body of a country, consisting of all government ministers or just the senior ministers |
Tariff | A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports. |
Foreign Policy | a policy governing international relations. |
Political Party | A political group that agrees on certain things |
George Washington | Washington: 1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799). |
Alexander Hamilton | United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank. |
Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. |
John Adams | 2nd President of the United States (1735-1826). |
Marbury V. Madison | Marbury v. Madison, is a landmark case in United States law. It formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States. |
Unconstitutional | Not in accordance with a political constitution, esp. the US Constitution, or with procedural rules. |
Francis Scott Key | United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812 |
James Madison | 4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776. |
Judicial Review | Review by the Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act. |
Louisiana Purchase | The territory sold by France to the US in 1803, comprising the western part of the Mississippi valley. |
Impressment | the act of coercing someone into government service. |
Judiciary Act of 1801 | The Midnight Judges Act (also known as the Judiciary Act of 1801) represented an effort to solve an issue in the U.S. Supreme Court. |
Meriwether Lewis | American explorer who accompanied William Clark exploring the Louisiana Purchase. |
William Clark | American explorer who accompanied Meriwether lewis exploring the Louisiana Purchase. |
Sacagawea | An American-Indian who guided Lewis and Clark in the Louisiana Purchase. |
Industrial Recolution | The replacing of hand work with machine work. |
Factory System | The factory system was a method of manufacturing first adopted in England at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 1750s. |
Interchangeable Parts | Parts developed to all be the same |
Henry Clay | "The Great Compromiser" wrote many compromises |
Cotton Gin | An invention made to get the seeds out of cotton |
Sectionalism | States are more important than nationalism |
Nationalism | Pride for your nation |
Eli Whitney | Great inventor for his time |
American System | consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other 'internal improvements' to develop profitable markets for agriculture. |
Samuel Morse | Invented morse code |
Missouri Compromise | an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories. |
Monroe Doctorine | Kept out European settlers from America |
James Monroe | 5th President of the United States; author of the Monroe Doctrine |
Robert Fulton | American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815). |
Jacksonian Democracy | Ruled by the people with out big city banks |
spoils system | Whoever is the winner gets all the prizes like whatever cabinet members he wants |
Indian Removal Act | The Indian Removal Act, part of a United States government policy known as Indian removal, was signed into law by President Andrew. |
Trail of Tears | A path that the Cherokee Indians traveled when they were exiled |
Tariff of Abominations | The Tariff of 1828, was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828 designed to protect industry in the north. |
John C. Calhoun | John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was the seventh Vice President of the United States and a leading Southern leader |
Doctrine of nullification | Dealt with states rights' and what they could and couldn't do |
secession | Formally withdrawing from the union |
Panic of 1837 | all the banks lost their money and people lost their money as well |
Andrew Jackson | 7th president of the US; successfully defended New Orleans from the British in 1815, and also expanded the power of the presidency. |
John Quincy Adams | 6th President of the United States; son of John Adams (1767-1848). |
depression | A time of sadness |
land speculator | Someone who looks to buy large amounts of land |
Santa Fe Trai | A route, established in the 1820s, from St. Louis in Missouri to Santa Fe in New Mexico. |
Oregon Trail | A trail for settlers that led to Oregon |
Manifest destiny | The belief that we need to expand westward |
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | The treaty that gained the US mexican land after the Mexican war |
Mexican cession | Land gained from the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo |
California Gold Rush | People found gold in California and caused a national craze for gold |
emigrant | A person who leaves their own country to settle permanently in another. |
immigrant | A person who comes to a certain country |
Push-pull factors | Factors that make you want to leave a country or move to it |
famine | An extreme shortage of food |
prejudice | Judging something before you really know it |
Brigham Young | The founder of mormanism |
James Polk | 11th President of the United States; his expansionism led to the Mexican War and the annexation of California. |
civil disobedience | Peacefully disobeying the law |
transcendentalism | A 19th-century idealistic philosophical and social movement that taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity. |
temperance movement | A temperance movement is a social movement against the use of alcoholic beverages. |
labor union | Group of workers |
strike | Not working for a reason |
abolition | Anti-Slavery |
underground railroad | A secret organization that helped free slaves |
Seneca Falls Convention | The Seneca Falls Convention was an early and influential women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York. |
suffrage | People's Rights |
Horace Mann | United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859). |
Dorthea Dix | Fought for the reform of insane asylums and prisons. |
Frederick Douglass | A former slave who spoke out against slavery. |
Sojourner Truth | United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and women's rights. |
Harriet Tubman | Ran the underground railroad which freed slaves |
Elizabeth Cady Stanton | United States suffragist and feminist; called for reform of the practices that perpetuated sexual inequality (1815-1902). |
Wilmot Proviso | The Wilmot Proviso, one of the major events leading to the Civil War, would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico |
Compromise of 1850 | Defused a confrontation between slave states and the northern states |
Uncle Tom’s Cabin | Book written about Southern slavery |
Fugitive Slave Act | North had to return freed slaves` |
popular sovereignty | Popular Vote |
Kansas-Nebraska Act | The Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820. |
Dred Scott v. Sanford | Ruled that slaves are property and dont have rights |
Harpers Ferry | Scene of where john brown fought for slaves |
Confederate States of America | The southern states that seceded from the union |
Stephen Douglas | an American politician from the western state of Illinois |
Harriet Beecher Stowe | United States writer of a novel about slavery that advanced the abolitionists' cause (1811-1896). |
John Brown | Tried to lead a revolt for slaves |
Abraham Lincoln | President during the civil war |
Jefferson Davis | American statesman; president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. |
Ft. Sumter | A historic site in the harbor of Charleston in South Carolina. It is the site of the beginning of the Civil War 1861. |
blockade | An act of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving. |
William T. Sherman | William Tecumseh Sherman (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator and author. |
1st Bull Run | Bull Run: either of two battles during the American Civil War (1861 and 1862); Confederate forces defeated the Federal army in both battles. |
cavalry | Soldiers who fought on horseback. |
John Wilkes Booth | Assassinated President Lincoln |
Battle of Antietam | The Battle of Antietam (also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the South), fought on September 17, 1862, was the bloodiest battle in the Civil War. |
Emancipation Proclamation | Freed the slaves |
54th Massachusetts Regiment | The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that saw extensive service in the Union Army during the civil war made of free slaves |
Battle of Gettysburg | Turning point of the Civil War |
Gettysburg Address | A speech delivered on November 18, 1863, by President Abraham Lincoln at the dedication of the national cemetery on the site of the battle of Gettysburg |
Siege of Vicksburg | Vicksburg: a decisive battle in the American Civil War (1863); after being besieged for nearly seven weeks the Confederates surrendered. |
Appomattox Court House | The site where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant |
Robert E. Lee | Confederate Leader |
Ulysses S. Grant | Union Leader and later president |
13th Amendment | Freed the slaves |
14th Amendment | In 1866, the amendment was passed and gave blacks the right of citizenship in America. |
15th Amendment | the constitutional amendment passed after the Civil War that guaranteed blacks the right to vote. |