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Final Exam Review
Social Studies
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Federal Judiciary Act | The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the lower federal courts |
| Cabinet | the executive and policy-making body of a country, consisting of all government ministers or just the senior ministers |
| Tariff | A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports. |
| Foreign Policy | a policy governing international relations. |
| Political Party | A political group that agrees on certain things |
| George Washington | Washington: 1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799). |
| Alexander Hamilton | United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank. |
| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. |
| John Adams | 2nd President of the United States (1735-1826). |
| Marbury V. Madison | Marbury v. Madison, is a landmark case in United States law. It formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States. |
| Unconstitutional | Not in accordance with a political constitution, esp. the US Constitution, or with procedural rules. |
| Francis Scott Key | United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812 |
| James Madison | 4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776. |
| Judicial Review | Review by the Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act. |
| Louisiana Purchase | The territory sold by France to the US in 1803, comprising the western part of the Mississippi valley. |
| Impressment | the act of coercing someone into government service. |
| Judiciary Act of 1801 | The Midnight Judges Act (also known as the Judiciary Act of 1801) represented an effort to solve an issue in the U.S. Supreme Court. |
| Meriwether Lewis | American explorer who accompanied William Clark exploring the Louisiana Purchase. |
| William Clark | American explorer who accompanied Meriwether lewis exploring the Louisiana Purchase. |
| Sacagawea | An American-Indian who guided Lewis and Clark in the Louisiana Purchase. |
| Industrial Recolution | The replacing of hand work with machine work. |
| Factory System | The factory system was a method of manufacturing first adopted in England at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 1750s. |
| Interchangeable Parts | Parts developed to all be the same |
| Henry Clay | "The Great Compromiser" wrote many compromises |
| Cotton Gin | An invention made to get the seeds out of cotton |
| Sectionalism | States are more important than nationalism |
| Nationalism | Pride for your nation |
| Eli Whitney | Great inventor for his time |
| American System | consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other 'internal improvements' to develop profitable markets for agriculture. |
| Samuel Morse | Invented morse code |
| Missouri Compromise | an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories. |
| Monroe Doctorine | Kept out European settlers from America |
| James Monroe | 5th President of the United States; author of the Monroe Doctrine |
| Robert Fulton | American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815). |
| Jacksonian Democracy | Ruled by the people with out big city banks |
| spoils system | Whoever is the winner gets all the prizes like whatever cabinet members he wants |
| Indian Removal Act | The Indian Removal Act, part of a United States government policy known as Indian removal, was signed into law by President Andrew. |
| Trail of Tears | A path that the Cherokee Indians traveled when they were exiled |
| Tariff of Abominations | The Tariff of 1828, was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828 designed to protect industry in the north. |
| John C. Calhoun | John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was the seventh Vice President of the United States and a leading Southern leader |
| Doctrine of nullification | Dealt with states rights' and what they could and couldn't do |
| secession | Formally withdrawing from the union |
| Panic of 1837 | all the banks lost their money and people lost their money as well |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th president of the US; successfully defended New Orleans from the British in 1815, and also expanded the power of the presidency. |
| John Quincy Adams | 6th President of the United States; son of John Adams (1767-1848). |
| depression | A time of sadness |
| land speculator | Someone who looks to buy large amounts of land |
| Santa Fe Trai | A route, established in the 1820s, from St. Louis in Missouri to Santa Fe in New Mexico. |
| Oregon Trail | A trail for settlers that led to Oregon |
| Manifest destiny | The belief that we need to expand westward |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | The treaty that gained the US mexican land after the Mexican war |
| Mexican cession | Land gained from the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo |
| California Gold Rush | People found gold in California and caused a national craze for gold |
| emigrant | A person who leaves their own country to settle permanently in another. |
| immigrant | A person who comes to a certain country |
| Push-pull factors | Factors that make you want to leave a country or move to it |
| famine | An extreme shortage of food |
| prejudice | Judging something before you really know it |
| Brigham Young | The founder of mormanism |
| James Polk | 11th President of the United States; his expansionism led to the Mexican War and the annexation of California. |
| civil disobedience | Peacefully disobeying the law |
| transcendentalism | A 19th-century idealistic philosophical and social movement that taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity. |
| temperance movement | A temperance movement is a social movement against the use of alcoholic beverages. |
| labor union | Group of workers |
| strike | Not working for a reason |
| abolition | Anti-Slavery |
| underground railroad | A secret organization that helped free slaves |
| Seneca Falls Convention | The Seneca Falls Convention was an early and influential women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York. |
| suffrage | People's Rights |
| Horace Mann | United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859). |
| Dorthea Dix | Fought for the reform of insane asylums and prisons. |
| Frederick Douglass | A former slave who spoke out against slavery. |
| Sojourner Truth | United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and women's rights. |
| Harriet Tubman | Ran the underground railroad which freed slaves |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | United States suffragist and feminist; called for reform of the practices that perpetuated sexual inequality (1815-1902). |
| Wilmot Proviso | The Wilmot Proviso, one of the major events leading to the Civil War, would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico |
| Compromise of 1850 | Defused a confrontation between slave states and the northern states |
| Uncle Tom’s Cabin | Book written about Southern slavery |
| Fugitive Slave Act | North had to return freed slaves` |
| popular sovereignty | Popular Vote |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | The Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820. |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | Ruled that slaves are property and dont have rights |
| Harpers Ferry | Scene of where john brown fought for slaves |
| Confederate States of America | The southern states that seceded from the union |
| Stephen Douglas | an American politician from the western state of Illinois |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | United States writer of a novel about slavery that advanced the abolitionists' cause (1811-1896). |
| John Brown | Tried to lead a revolt for slaves |
| Abraham Lincoln | President during the civil war |
| Jefferson Davis | American statesman; president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. |
| Ft. Sumter | A historic site in the harbor of Charleston in South Carolina. It is the site of the beginning of the Civil War 1861. |
| blockade | An act of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving. |
| William T. Sherman | William Tecumseh Sherman (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator and author. |
| 1st Bull Run | Bull Run: either of two battles during the American Civil War (1861 and 1862); Confederate forces defeated the Federal army in both battles. |
| cavalry | Soldiers who fought on horseback. |
| John Wilkes Booth | Assassinated President Lincoln |
| Battle of Antietam | The Battle of Antietam (also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the South), fought on September 17, 1862, was the bloodiest battle in the Civil War. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Freed the slaves |
| 54th Massachusetts Regiment | The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that saw extensive service in the Union Army during the civil war made of free slaves |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Turning point of the Civil War |
| Gettysburg Address | A speech delivered on November 18, 1863, by President Abraham Lincoln at the dedication of the national cemetery on the site of the battle of Gettysburg |
| Siege of Vicksburg | Vicksburg: a decisive battle in the American Civil War (1863); after being besieged for nearly seven weeks the Confederates surrendered. |
| Appomattox Court House | The site where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant |
| Robert E. Lee | Confederate Leader |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union Leader and later president |
| 13th Amendment | Freed the slaves |
| 14th Amendment | In 1866, the amendment was passed and gave blacks the right of citizenship in America. |
| 15th Amendment | the constitutional amendment passed after the Civil War that guaranteed blacks the right to vote. |
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