Arm and cubital fossa
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| With surgical neck fracture what nerve is damaged? | Axillary nerve
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| During humeral shaft transverse fracture, what happens to the proximal fragment? | pulled laterally by deltoid
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| What nerve is injured during humeral shaft fracture? | Injury to radial nerve
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| What nerve is injured during distal humerus fracture? | injury to median nerve
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| What happens during posterior elbow dislocation? | radius and ulna dislocated posterior to humerus
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| What happens w/ "terrible triad" injur? | elbow dislocation, fracture of radial head, and coronoid process fracture
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| What nerves maybe injured w/ elbow dislocation? | ulnar nerve and median nerve
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| What happens w/ nursemaid's elbow? | Subluxation of the radial head from the annular ligament and dislocation of the head of radius
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| What are the fascial compartments of the upper limb and what do they contain? | Brachial fascia is divided into anterior and posterior compartments of the arm: anterior compartment has mainly flexors, which are innervated by musculocutaneous n. Posterior compartment is mostly extensors, which are innervated by/ the radial nerve
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| What is compartment syndrome? | when you have increased pressure in the muscle comartment, can lead to muscle, nerve damage, and ischemia.
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| Three muscles of anterior arm? | biceps bracii and coracobrachialis are superficial. brachialis is a deep muscle
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| What are muscles of posterior arm? | Triceps brachii and Anconeus
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| What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of biceps brachii? | origin: short head-coracoid process, long head--from supragelenoid tubercle
insertion: radial tuberosity and forearm fascia via bicipital aponerurosis
action: flexion and supination of the forearm at the elbow
innervated by muculoculatious nerve
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| What happens when you rupture tendon of long head of biceps brachii? | wear and tear over intertubercular sulcus, "popeye deformity", pain and tenderness at shoulder
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| What happens when you rupture the distal biceps brachii tendon? | muscle torn from radial tuberosity, bulge in the center of distal anterior arm, pain at elbow
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| What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of coracobrachialis muscle? | origin: coraroid process,
insertion: middle 1/3 of medial humerus,
action: flex and adduct arm at the shoulder joint
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
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| What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of brachialis? | origin: distal half of anterior surface of humers
insertion: coronoid process of ulna
action: flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
innervation: musculocutateous nerve
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| What is the pathway of the musculocutaenous nerve? | peirces coracobracialis, travels distally between biceps bracchi and brachialis, emerges lateal to biceps as the lateral cutaenous nerve of the forearm
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| What happens if you have damage to musculocutaenous nerve? | weak flexion at the glenohumeral joint, weak flexion and supination at the elbow joint, loss of sensation int he lateral aspect of the forearm
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| what is the origin and insertion of the triceps brachii? | Origin: Long head – Infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head – Posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove
Medial head – Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
Insertion: Olecranon process
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| what is the action and innervation of the triceps brachhii | Action: Primarily extend forearm at elbow joint. Long head resists inferior dislocation of humerus during adduction.
Innervation: Radial nerve
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| What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the aconeus? | Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Lateral surface of olecranon process and superior part of posterior ulna
Action: Assists in forearm extension at elbow, stabilizes elbow.
Innervation: Radial nerve
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| What is the pathway of the radial nerve? | - Enters the arm posterior to the brachial artery, medial to the humerus, and anterior to the long head of the triceps.
- Descends inferolaterally with the deep artery of the arm in the radial groove, between the lateral and medial heads of the tricep
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| What happens if you have injur to the radial nerve superior to the origin of the triceps brachii branches? | Paralysis of all muscles supplied by the radial nerve (i.e. triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, and wrist and fingers extensor)
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| what happens if you have injury to the radial nerve in the radial groove? | Paralysis of the medial head of triceps and all posterior muscles of forearm distal to the site of nerve lesion.
- Lateral and long heads of triceps not affected, meaning elbow extension weakened but not lost
"wrist drop"
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| What is the pathway of the median nerve? | Proximally, the median nerve runs lateral to brachial artery. At the middle of the arm and cubital fossa, it runs medial to brachial artery.
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| What is the pathway of the ulnar nerve? | Proximally it passes medial to brachial artery. Pierces the medial intermuscular septum at the middle of the arm, joining the superior ulnar collateral artery. Passes posterior to medial epicondyle into the forearm.
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| What is Volkmann's contracture? | Sudden bracial artery occlusion/laceration, 6h tolerance of ischemia, Fibrous scar tissue replaces necrotic tissue, causing the involved muscles to shorten permanently (flexion deformity)
Contraction of fingers and wrist
Loss of hand power
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| What are the borders of the superficial cubital fossa? | brachioradialis and pronator teres
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| What are the contents of the roof of the cubital fossa? | median cubital vein, lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
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| What are the contents under the rood of the cubital fossa? | biceps brachii tendon, brachial a. and v., median nerve (TAN-tendon, artery, and nerve lateral to medial)
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| What is the floor of the cubital fossa made of? | brachialis muscle
supinator muscle
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| When you're getting IV what vein are you targeting? | median cubital vein (bicipital aponeurosis protects brachial a. and median n.
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Created by:
afiahmed
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