Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password

Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

MCAT Biology (VL)

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
show 4H  
🗑
Hexokinase allosteric regulation   show
🗑
show Feedback inhibition by ATP  
🗑
Pyruvate dehydrogenase allosteric regulation   show
🗑
Prosthetic group   show
🗑
Co-Factor   show
🗑
How many carbons in acetyl CoA and OAA   show
🗑
Location for gluconeogenesis   show
🗑
AA catabolism   show
🗑
show 5' to 3'  
🗑
show 10 bp, 34 angstroms  
🗑
show 3.4 angstroms  
🗑
Transition vs. transversion   show
🗑
Prokaryote polymerase that lays down primers   show
🗑
show Everything DNA pol III plus 5' to 3' exonuclease activity (removes primer)  
🗑
DNA pol II   show
🗑
DNA pol III   show
🗑
show Coding or sense strand  
🗑
Prokaryote promoter   show
🗑
RNA polymerase closed vs. open complex   show
🗑
show Initiation at P site, entrance of tRNA to A site, and translocation to E  
🗑
Phosphate bonds required for translation based on AA #   show
🗑
Another word of attachment of a virus and penetration   show
🗑
Lytic cycle in animal viruses   show
🗑
Three classifications of prokaryotes   show
🗑
Type of peptidoglycan not found in humans   show
🗑
show Similar to ATP synthase for prokaryotes and 9+2 structure for eukaryotes  
🗑
Facultative anaerobes   show
🗑
Two parts of the fungi thallus and their role   show
🗑
show Detoxification, glycogen breakdown, some glycosylation, disulfide bond formation  
🗑
Roles of Golgi body   show
🗑
show Peroxisome, mitochondria, nucleus and cytoplasm  
🗑
show for proteins going to nucleus, mitochondria or peroxisomes (free ribosomes)  
🗑
show Metabolize lipids, metabolize toxins using H2O2. Contain catalase.  
🗑
Target signal   show
🗑
Where are the proteins for lysosomes made?   show
🗑
show Digestion of uneeded or excess products  
🗑
Factors that affect fluidity of membrane   show
🗑
show Phospholipase C. It results in increased cytoplasmic Ca  
🗑
Microtubules   show
🗑
show Actin. Gross movements. Cytokinesis and amoeboid movement. Smallest.  
🗑
Epistasis   show
🗑
show 60 kDa  
🗑
Three AA that kinases work on   show
🗑
What type of kinase is the insuline receptor   show
🗑
Contents of desmosome   show
🗑
show One species changes so much that even if it could go back it can't mate with its old self  
🗑
Age of the earth   show
🗑
show Older than 3.5 billion years old  
🗑
Old gasses   show
🗑
show Lighting, radioactive decay, volcanic decay, and sun radiation. Metal ions on rocks (especially clay) were catalysts  
🗑
Proteinoids   show
🗑
Coacervate   show
🗑
show Microspheres, liposomes, coecervates  
🗑
Myelination   show
🗑
show Absolute (inactivation of Na channel, won't fire at all) and relative (hyperpolarization)  
🗑
Summations for neurotransmitters   show
🗑
show Induces urination  
🗑
show Nuclei are somas in CNS, ganglias are somas in PNS  
🗑
show Hind/rhomboencephalon, fore/prosencephalon, and mid/mesencenphalon  
🗑
What does the spinal cord control   show
🗑
show Respiration, BP, digestion (vomiting)  
🗑
Pons   show
🗑
show Relay visual and auditory information Reticular activating system (wakefulness and arousal).  
🗑
show Thalamus and hypothalamus. Thalamus relay and process sensory information Hypothalamus controls emotions and autonomic function (homeostasis)  
🗑
show Left - speech Right - visual, spatial reasoning and music  
🗑
Cerebrum white and grey matter   show
🗑
show Voluntary movement, complex reasoning skills and problem solving  
🗑
show Hearing and smell. Short term memory.  
🗑
Parietal   show
🗑
show Grey matter soma. Broadly functions in regulating body movement.  
🗑
show Between cerebrum and diencephalon. Amygdala, cingulate gyrus and hippocampis  
🗑
show 12 and 31  
🗑
show Release ACh Innervate skeletal muscle cells Soma in brain stem or ventral portion of spinal cord  
🗑
show The somatic sensory system includes the sensations of touch, pressure, vibration, limb position, heat, cold, and pain.  
🗑
All somatic sensory neurons...   show
🗑
show Somas from somatic/autonomic sensory neurons. Outside meningers but within vertebra  
🗑
show ACh  
🗑
show Thoracic or lumbar (sympathetic system is thoracolumbar system)  
🗑
show Brain stem or spinal cord (parasympathetic = craniosacral)  
🗑
show ACh  
🗑
Post ganglionic short axon to ganglion near effector   show
🗑
How many neurons does the sympathetic/paraympathetic efferent system has   show
🗑
show in brainstem or spinal cord  
🗑
show ACh  
🗑
show long for para (ganglia far from cord), short for symp (ganglia close to cord)  
🗑
Hormones from adrenal cortex   show
🗑
Embryological origin of adrenal medulla   show
🗑
What does adrenal medulla produce   show
🗑
show Pressure sensors in skin  
🗑
Vestibular hair cells   show
🗑
What causes bitter and sour taste   show
🗑
Pitch vs. loudness   show
🗑
show Linear accelration and static equilibrium  
🗑
show Cornea is continuous with sclera. Outer to inner is sclera --> choroid --> retina  
🗑
show Anterior (between cornea and iris), posterior (after iris/pupil and before lense) it's small, and vitreous (after lense) A and P chamber have aquaous humor and vitrous has vitrous humor  
🗑
show Rods and cones ---> bipolar cells --> ganglionic cells with axons forming the optic nerve.  
🗑
show Where ganglion cells converge to form optic nerve that leaves the eye. Blind spot.  
🗑
show Vitamin A derivative. Trans + 1 cis --> all trans  
🗑
Myopia   show
🗑
show Diverging. )(.  
🗑
Hyperopia   show
🗑
Convex are ____ lenses   show
🗑
show Ischemia is inadequate flow (waste buildup and no nutrient). Hypoxia is just no oxygen (waste is removed and other nutrients come in)  
🗑
show left side. Malfunction can leave to pulmonary edema.  
🗑
Distole   show
🗑
Systole   show
🗑
Tricuspid   show
🗑
show Amount of blood pumped each systole  
🗑
Cardiac output   show
🗑
show Increase HR. Frank-Starling mechanism  
🗑
show Stretching heart makes stronger contractions. Increase venous return. Automatic regulation (More blood received from tissues, more blood pumped out)  
🗑
show Increase total volume of blood (Water retention) or contract large veins to propel towards heart.  
🗑
Two results from plateu in heart muscle cells   show
🗑
show Right atrium  
🗑
How does the SA node reach threshold first?   show
🗑
show Because AP goes more slowly through atrium than the internodal path, so ventricle would've contracted first  
🗑
SA node depolarization   show
🗑
show deltaPressure = Q(bloodflow)*R Pressure increased by increasing force of contraction. Peripheral resistance determined by contraction of precapillary sphincters  
🗑
show Controlled by sympathetic system. Andrenergic (sympathetic) tone from constant level of NE of neurons innervating pericapillary sphincter.  
🗑
Sphygmomanometer   show
🗑
Metabolic wastes causes ____ of arteriolar smooth muscle   show
🗑
show Na, K, Cl, Ca and Mg  
🗑
CO2 buffering. Reaction.   show
🗑
show 40-45% in males 35-40% in females  
🗑
Embryology of hemopoiesis   show
🗑
Inheritance pattern of Rh   show
🗑
NLMEB is in order of   show
🗑
Formation of fibrin   show
🗑
Thrombolus   show
🗑
show Tense is not O bound, relaxed is O bound  
🗑
Bohr effect   show
🗑
show 75% as buffer, 20% hemglobin (allosteric binding) and 7% dissolved in blood  
🗑
show Yep  
🗑
show Yes. Larger lymphatic ducts.  
🗑
show Capillaries --> lymphatic vessels --> lymphatic ducts (filter through lymph nodes) --> large veins  
🗑
Role of lymphatic system   show
🗑
Humoral response involves protection by ____   show
🗑
One role of antibodies that I always forget   show
🗑
T helper cells (CD and MHC)   show
🗑
T killer cells (CD and MHC)   show
🗑
show Macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells  
🗑
Spleen and immune system   show
🗑
show Reabsorb water and ions. Processes waste. Excretes these ions (Na, Cl, Ca...) through active transport.  
🗑
show Old heme --> bilirubin --> bile Synthesis of urea which is less tooxic than ammonia  
🗑
show Small hydrophillic wastes (Urea, Na, HCO3- and water)  
🗑
show Medullary pyramids (many collecting ducts) --> papilla (tip of pyramid) --> calyx ---> renal pelvis  
🗑
show Lines capilaries of the glomerulus  
🗑
Anatory of kidney (gross)   show
🗑
Glomerular basement membrane   show
🗑
show Renal artery --> afferent arteriole --> glomerulus capillaries --> efferent arterioles (constrict for leaking to occur). Peritubular capillaries pick up the reabsorption by active transport.  
🗑
show It's not regulated there, it just absorbs as much as it can =]  
🗑
Where does secretion occur (kidneys)   show
🗑
show vASOPRESSIN  
🗑
show Response to low blood volume, high blood osmolarity, and low BP. Released by posterior pituitary. Makes DCT and CT permeable to water.  
🗑
show Released by adrenal cortex in response to low BP, low blood volume, low osmolarity, AND ANGIOTENSIN II. Increase Na reabsorption by distal nephron.  
🗑
Diuresis   show
🗑
Loop of Helen   show
🗑
show Ascending vasa recta near descending limb ready to reabsorb the water it lost  
🗑
show Contact point between afferent arterioles and distal tubule. JG cells in afferent arteriole monitor systemic pressure, secrette renin when BP drops.  
🗑
show Renin converts angiotensinogen (made by liver) --> angiotensin I Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in lungs turns Angiotensin I --> angiotensin II Angiotensin is a vasoconstrictor, raises BP and stimulates aldosterone production.  
🗑
Macula densa   show
🗑
pH renal regulation   show
🗑
What cells have carbonic anhydrase   show
🗑
All hormones that affect the kidney are ____ except for ____ which is a _____   show
🗑
Calcitonin   show
🗑
Parathyroid hormone   show
🗑
show Low O2 levels. Increases RBC synthesis in bone marrow. Its produced by kidney and liver.  
🗑
show Salivary amylase  
🗑
What releases trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen   show
🗑
show Longitudinal (propel forward) and circular (prevent back movement)  
🗑
show Smooth muscle automaticity! They have functional syncytium. Enteric NS and hormones also.  
🗑
Two principal cells in pancreas   show
🗑
Where does fat digestion begin?   show
🗑
pH of stomach   show
🗑
Parietal cells   show
🗑
Chief cells   show
🗑
Control of the pyloric sphincter   show
🗑
show Secrete gastrin. They Stimulate parietal cells to release  
🗑
Control of the pyloric sphincter   show
🗑
G cells   show
🗑
show Response to gastrin and stomach stretching. Binds parital cells and stimulates HCl release. Ulcer healing drugs block histamine.  
🗑
show Collections of lymphocytes dotting villi, monitor GI contants. Found in ileum.  
🗑
show Pancreatic and common bile duct. Sphincter of OOdi is where they meet and empty.  
🗑
Besides digestive enzymes, what else does the pancreas excrete into the duodenum?   show
🗑
Duodenal enzymes   show
🗑
show Cholecystokinin (CCK)  
🗑
show Released by duodenum in response to chyme in duodeunm. Induces release of pancreatic digestive enzymes, gall bradder contraction, decreased gastric motility and relazed pyrolic sphincter  
🗑
Secretin   show
🗑
show Decreases stomach emptying, released by duodenum.  
🗑
show Vitamin B12, when combined with stuff from stomach by parietal cells. Ileocecal valve separates cecum from ileum.  
🗑
show vitamin K  
🗑
Pancreatic proteases   show
🗑
show A cells (glucagon), B cells (insulin) and G cells (somatostatin, inhibits digestion)  
🗑
Three hormones that raise blood glucose and type   show
🗑
show Bile acids, cholesterol, and bilirubin (RBC heme breakdown)  
🗑
show Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, clotting factors  
🗑
Take up of monosaccharides by intestinal epithelium   show
🗑
Take up of AA by intestinal epithelium   show
🗑
show Simple diffusion!  
🗑
show Fat soluble - require bile to solubilize ad be absorbed, excess is stored in adipose tissue Water soluble - excreted in urine  
🗑
show Moving away from the midline  
🗑
show Epimyum is outside muscle, perimyum is outside fascille, endomyum is within the fascille surrounding each myofiber (muscle cell)  
🗑
What are myofibils   show
🗑
Sarcolemma   show
🗑
Thick filaments are made of   show
🗑
show Cross bridge - myosin bound to ADP binds actin Power stroke - Myosin moves to lower E state, oulling actin, ADP released. Release of actin - ATP binds, actin is released Cocking head - ATP hydrolyzes, myosin back to high E  
🗑
What is needed for contractile cycle to occur in vitro   show
🗑
show The myofiber cell membrane  
🗑
Miniature end plate potential   show
🗑
Sarcoplasmic reticulum   show
🗑
Do inhibitory neurons innervate neuromuscular junction   show
🗑
show Increase motor unit recruitment (motor unit is a group of myofibers innervated by a single neuron), and frequency of summation (two contractions happen so radpily they add onto one another). This is how tetanus happens.  
🗑
Optimum length of sarcomere   show
🗑
Creatine phosphate   show
🗑
show Both - striaed, t tubules, troponin and tropomyosin, length-tension (although more important fro cardiac since skeletal is fixed) Difference - cardiac is FUNCTIONAL syncytial, has intercalated disks, branching, ACh is inhibitory, Ca channels  
🗑
show Both - Actin and myosin filaments, no branching Smooth - Narrower/shorter, no T-tubule, FUNCTIONAL syncytia, filaments dispered, calmodulin and MLCK, poor SR, slow waves of AP  
🗑
Calmodulin and Myosin light-chain kinase   show
🗑
show SR stores some Ca but relies on extracytoplasmic Ca  
🗑
show AP is similar to the ones of cardiac muscle cells with less sharp spike since they have less fast channels  
🗑
Smooth muscle AP   show
🗑
show ACh from the parasympathetic system and decreased by NE from sympathetic.  
🗑
show Flat bones!  
🗑
Axial skeleton consists of   show
🗑
show Adipose, ECM and basement membrane  
🗑
Dense connective tissue   show
🗑
Where is red bone marrow found   show
🗑
Where is yellow bone marrow found   show
🗑
What are spicules or trabeculae   show
🗑
show Osteon, basic unit of bone structure.  
🗑
show In the center of each osteon. Lymph, blood vessles and nerves. Connected to lacunae by canaliculi extentions  
🗑
Perforating (volkmann's canals)   show
🗑
show Perichondrium. Hence the slow repair time  
🗑
Three types of cartilage   show
🗑
Dense regular connective tissue   show
🗑
show Periosteum and perichondrium, dermis  
🗑
Three types of joints   show
🗑
show Are supposed by ligaments, lubricated by synovial fluid from the synovial capsule, have surface covered by articular cartilage (hyaline)  
🗑
show Joints that are diathrosis.  
🗑
show Endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification (flat bones)  
🗑
show Cartilage! Contains epiglottis and vocal cords  
🗑
Which parts of the repspiratory trees have smooth muscle   show
🗑
show Yep  
🗑
show Tall columnar with goblet cells  
🗑
show squamous cells in gas exchanging surfaces  
🗑
Type II alveolar cells   show
🗑
show aCTIVE. Experiation is passive because of elastic recoil of the lungs  
🗑
show Parietal and visceral. Pleural space between with thin layer of fluid to keep things together by tension.  
🗑
External intercoastal muscle   show
🗑
Exertion   show
🗑
Pleural pressure becomes more negative when....   show
🗑
When is alveolar pressure 0   show
🗑
show Amount of air in normal breathing. 10% of total volume of the lungs  
🗑
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)   show
🗑
Inspiratory residual volume   show
🗑
show Volume of air that can be inhaled after resting experiation  
🗑
Inpiratory capacity (IC)   show
🗑
show Amount of air that remains in the lungs after strongest possible expiration  
🗑
Vital capacity   show
🗑
show Vital capacity + residual volume  
🗑
show The pulmonary veins dialate to accomodate pressure and prevent edema. If too much pressure, lymphatic vessles in the lungs also help prevent edema.  
🗑
show N2 - 80% O2 - 20% H2O - 0.5% CO2 - 0.04 %  
🗑
Three barriers to gas diffusion in the lungs   show
🗑
What chemical stimuli primarly and secondarily regulate ventilation rate   show
🗑
show Yes. By the medullary respiratory control center?  
🗑
Physical stretching of the lungs and respiratory control center   show
🗑
show The cells there undergo mitosis to replace the epidermis cells that were sloughed off.  
🗑
Where are the touch, pressure, pain and temp receptors of the skin found   show
🗑
Leydig cells   show
🗑
show S. tubules --> epididymis --> ductus deferens --> urethra  
🗑
show Seminal vesicle (behind bladder, contributes 60% total volume) Prostate Bolbourethral glands  
🗑
Erectile tissue in penis (three compartments)   show
🗑
Two stages of arousal in male   show
🗑
Two stages of orgasm in male   show
🗑
show Fusion of egg and sperm  
🗑
show Protect andnurture the sperm. They are in the walls of the sminiferous tubules  
🗑
show In the ductus deferens  
🗑
show Sustentacular cells like steroli  
🗑
show Binding to zona pellucida  
🗑
Anterior pituitary hormone mneumonics   show
🗑
show Sustentacular cells. Sustentacular cells release inhibin, which inhibits FSH  
🗑
What male cells does LH stimulate   show
🗑
show Epididymis, seminal vesicle, ductus deferens  
🗑
Mullerian ducts would give rise to...   show
🗑
Presence of Y and wolffian and mullerian ducts   show
🗑
Female counterpart of bulbourethral glands   show
🗑
show Estrogen and estradiol. Both produced in ovaries.  
🗑
show Hypothalamus makes GnRH --> anterior pituitary releases gonadotropins (LH and FSH) --> stimulate testosterone/CL and sustentacular/granulosa cells. Feedback because inhibin (from granulosa and sustentacular) inhibit FSH. Steroids inhibit GnRH  
🗑
Can dominant autosomal traits skip generations   show
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: valen1014
Popular MCAT sets