NWHSU HISTO 1 FINAL
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| show | Skeletal
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This muscle type is spindle shaped. | show 🗑
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This muscle type is branched (Y) shaped. | show 🗑
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This muscle type has the the biggest cells. | show 🗑
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| show | Smooth
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This muscle type has the smallest cells. | show 🗑
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This/These muscle type(s) has/have hypertrophy. | show 🗑
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This/These muscle type(s) has 1 nuclei. | show 🗑
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| show | Skeletal
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| show | Skeletal
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| show | Smooth and Cardiac
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This/These muscle type(s) exhibit(s) striation. | show 🗑
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| show | Smooth
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This/These muscle type(s) have arranged sarcomeres. | show 🗑
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| show | All
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| Actin, Myosin, Tropomyosin, Troponin Which of these are thick filaments and which are thin filaments? | show 🗑
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This/These muscle type(S) contract(s) all at once. | show 🗑
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This/These muscle type(s) use(s) calmodulin to bind Ca++ instead of Troponin. | show 🗑
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| show | Skeletal
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| show | Smooth
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, None This muscle types function is to contract to pump blood. | show 🗑
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This/These muscle type(s) is/are involuntary. | show 🗑
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This/These muscle type(s) is/are voluntary. | show 🗑
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac Where is each located. | show 🗑
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, All, None This/These muscle type(s) exhibit(s) complete endomysium. | show 🗑
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| show | Smooth and Cardiac
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| show | Skeletal-Motor End Plates
Cardiac-Intercalated Disks
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| show | Skeletal and Cardiac
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| show | D-Ireg CT Epimysium
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| show | D-Ireg CT Perimysium
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| D-Ireg CT Perimysium, LCT Endomysium, D-Ireg CT Epimysium This CT is wrapped around one fiber. | show 🗑
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| show | All 3 (All 3 have endomysium but ONLY skeletal muscle has Complete endomysium)
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| show | Red 2 and White 2
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| show | Red 1 and Red 2
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| Red 1, Red 2, White 2, All, None This/These muscle fiber(s) has/have lots of myoglobin, lots of mitochondria, and slow tonic contraction. | show 🗑
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| Red 1, Red 2, White 2, All, None This/These muscle fiber(s) has/have few myoglobin, few mitochondria, and has/have fast phasic contractions. | show 🗑
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| show | Red 1-Posture
Red 2-Endurance
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| Red 1, Red 2, White 2, All, None This/These muscle fiber(s) is/are for short bursts of energy. | show 🗑
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| Red 1, Red 2, White 2, All, None This/These muscle fiber(s) have/has a weak aerobic metabolism. | show 🗑
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| Red 1, Red 2, White 2, All, None This/These muscle fiber(s) are found in back muscles. | show 🗑
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| show | White 2 (Anaerobic White)
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| Red 1, Red 2, White 2, All, None Most muscle types contain this/these fiber(s). | show 🗑
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| Red 1, Red 2, White 2, All, None This/These muscle fiber(s) contain(s) more succinate dehydrogenase+. (An enzyme specific to mitochondria) | show 🗑
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| show | PNS
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| show | Plasticity (Neurons nearby in CNS take over the dead neurons jobs)
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| show | Flacid Peralisis
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| show | Bigger relexes. (Hyperreflexia, spastic peralisis)
They do not have control of them to stop the reflex from happening.
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| How many mm does a PNS neuron recover per day? | show 🗑
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| True or False (Correct if wrong) Motor Unit=GSE axon and all the skeletal muscle cells it innervates. | show 🗑
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| show | False
(With pyramidal decussation)
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| True or False (Correct if wrong) Excitatory synapse is when the action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of action potential occurring in the post synaptic cell. | show 🗑
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| show | False
(Postsynaptic and Postsynaptic)
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| True or False (Correct if wrong) Large motor units may innervate up to 2000 cells. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| When the sympathetic system innervates an artery and causes excitation (depolarization), which happens: vasodilation or vasoconstriction? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | Smooth Muscle
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| show | 31 pairs
PNS
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| show | Unmyelinated axons
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| show | Dorsal Root-GSA
Ventral Root-GSE
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| show | Sensory-Dorsal Root
Motor-Ventral Root
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| Ventral Primary Rami and Dorsal Primary Rami are: Motor, Sensory, or both | show 🗑
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| Preganglionic sympathetic axons vs Preganglionic parasympathetic axons: T1-L2 or S2-S4 | show 🗑
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| show | Back-D1R
Neck, trunk, and extremeties-V1R
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| show | autonomic-smooth muscle and glands
somatic-Skeletal muscle
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| show | False (Autonomic uses 2 neurons, somatic uses 1 neuron)
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| The sympathetic system creates activity that supports a stress response while the parasympathetic system creates activity that ____. | show 🗑
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| Spinal nerves innervate what? | show 🗑
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| GSE, GVE, Both, Neither This is part of the CNS. | show 🗑
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| GSE, GVE, Both, Neither This is part of the PNS. | show 🗑
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| GSE, GVE, Both, Neither This inervates Skeletal muscle. | show 🗑
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| show | GVE
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| show | GSE
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| show | GVE
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| S2-S4, Cranial Nerves to S1, brain stem Which are parasympathetic and which are sympathetic. | show 🗑
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| Preganglionic axons travel to the white ramus and postganglionic axons travel to the gray ramus. This is a reference to the myelinated and unmyelinated nature of the axons. Which is myelinated and which is not? | show 🗑
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| show | White Rami-T1-L2
Gray Rami-All Spinal Nerves
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| show | Preganglionic Neurons
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| These neurons always have their origin int he PNS:Preganglionic or Postganglionic | show 🗑
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| show | Erectile Tissue
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| Purkinje cells of the heart act as ____ cells, delivering the AP deep within the muscle tissue. | show 🗑
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| show | Skeletal-Triads
Cardiac-Diads
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| Where are diads located? | show 🗑
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| Where are triads located? | show 🗑
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| show | Dyads-1 terminal cisterna
Triads-2 terminal cisternae
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| Conduct action potential deep into cells because AP is the voltage change necessary to open the voltage dependent Ca++ channels in the ___. | show 🗑
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| show | Skeletal
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| show | A-Band=Dark Band
I-Bnad=light band
M-line=line in the middle of H
H-Zone=lightest line in A band
Z-Line=darkest line in I band
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| show | I-thin
A-both
H-thick
Z-thin
M-thin
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| show | I and H
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| Which limits the contraction? I, A, H, Z, M | show 🗑
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| The action potential is conducted on the GSE axon to the terminal where it causes the release of ______________? | show 🗑
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| show | acetylcholine
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| Fast EPSPs may summate to threshold, causing voltage-gated ____ channels to open, thus resulting in action potential. | show 🗑
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| The calcium will bind the high affinity binding sites on _____ causing the tropomyosin to be removed from the active binding sites on _________. | show 🗑
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| show | Relaxation
Action Potential, Ca2+ pump, Actin filaments.
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| Troponin binds what three things? | show 🗑
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| Calcium is stored in dyads and triads. What muscle types are those found in again and where? | show 🗑
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| show | Out of
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| NA+ is driven ____ the cell by both its concentration and electrical gradients. | show 🗑
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| Depolarization is teh decrease in the difference in charge between the inside and outside -70mV. This leads to EPSPs which are what? (less neg inside) | show 🗑
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| show | Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potentials
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| show | Action Potential
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| show | False Only gray matter
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| In the nervous system what are the "functional cells" and what are the "supporting cells". | show 🗑
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| show | Neuropil
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| show | multipolor neuron
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| CNS, PNS, Both, Neither Multipoloar Neurons | show 🗑
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| show | PNS
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| Motor, Sensory, Both, Neither Multipolar neurons | show 🗑
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| Motor, Sensory, Both, Neither Psuedounipolar neurons | show 🗑
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| Examples of CNS multipolar neuron cells. | show 🗑
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| show | Spinal Motor Neuron-GSE
Pre Post Ganglionic-GVE
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| Do Multipolar Neurons contain axons and dendrites? Do they branch and where? | show 🗑
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| show | Yes, they branch right away.
No
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| show | False. No Neuron has more than one axon!!
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| Myelin is made by what cells in the PNS and what cells in the CNS? | show 🗑
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| show | Dendrites only
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| show | Generates action potential
S
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| Axon Terminals store what? | show 🗑
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| show | False Pyramidal start in Cortex
Extrapyramidal start in the cerebelum
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| show | GSE and GVE (Unconscious)
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| show | True
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| show | appendicular
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| show | axial
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| nissl substance is basophillic beause of Ribosomes. True or false | show 🗑
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| show | Completely surround DRG
Interupted around Autonomic Ganglion
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| show | Touch and proprio
Myelinated axons
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| show | Pain and Temp
Unmyelinated axons
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| DRG, Autonomic ganglion, Both, Neither These have many satellite cells and a centrally located nucleus. | show 🗑
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| DRG, Autonomic ganglion, Both, Neither These have interrupted satellite cells and a peripherally located nucleus. | show 🗑
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| show | Unconscious
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| show | Sensory
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| Ventral horn gray matter is sensory, motor, or both? | show 🗑
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| show | Both
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| What are 2 names for a cell body? | show 🗑
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| show | False. The entire perimeter of the CNS is protected by CT coverings called Dura, arachnoid, and pia mater.
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| The only point of confluence between PNS and CNS Ct is at the juncture between the epineurium of the ____ and the dura of the ____ | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| What increases the speed at which impulses are conducted and covers nerve fibers? | show 🗑
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| show | PNS (In the CNS they are bare)
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| What cell myelinates axons in the CNS? | show 🗑
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| What do nodes of Ranvier do? | show 🗑
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| Both myelinated and unmyelinated axons have nodes of ranvier. True or False | show 🗑
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| show | CNS-Gap between Oligodendrocytes (completely bare)
PNS-Gap between Schwann cells (have some schwann cells)
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| The supporting cells of the nervous system are ____ cells. They do not carry action potential but provide supporting functions to neurons. | show 🗑
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| Neuroglial Cells in the CNS ____ repair while in the PNS neroglial cells such as schwann cells ____ repair. | show 🗑
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| show | Oligodendrocytes
40
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| These CNS neuroglial cells are the blood brain barrier. | show 🗑
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| These CNS neuroglial cells line the free surfaces to produce CSF. | show 🗑
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| These neuroglial cells are the CNS macrophages. | show 🗑
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| Protoplasmic astrocytes are ___ matter and fibrous astrocytes are _____ matter. | show 🗑
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| What is the only cell in the CNS to be derived from mesenchyme? | show 🗑
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| show | Satellite and Schwann Cells
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| Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, Both, Neither Older? | show 🗑
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| show | Sympathetic
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| Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, Both, Neither Regulates and protects | show 🗑
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| Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, Both, Neither No components of spinal nerves | show 🗑
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| show | Sympathetic
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| show | Sympathetic
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| show | Sympathetic
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| show | sympathetic
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| show | Pseudounipolar
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| show | Pseudounipolar
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| show | psudounipolar
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| Multipolar, Pseudounipolar, Both, Neither Cell bodies of autonomic neurons | show 🗑
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| Excitatory NTX's, Inhibitory NTX's, Both, Neither Open sodium channels | show 🗑
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| Excitatory NTX's, Inhibitory NTX's, Both, Neither open Potassium channels | show 🗑
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| Excitatory NTX's, Inhibitory NTX's, Both, Neither Increase the membrane potential | show 🗑
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| show | Excitatory
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| Excitatory NTX's, Inhibitory NTX's, Both, Neither If threshold is met, action potential; if not, they are called generator potentials | show 🗑
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| Excitatory NTX's, Inhibitory NTX's, Both, Neither Create hyperpolarizing currents | show 🗑
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| show | Inhibitory
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| show | GSA
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| GSA, GSE, Both, Neither Multipolar nerons | show 🗑
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| show | GSE
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| GSA, GSE, Both, Neither Nerve cell body is in dorsal root ganglia | show 🗑
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| show | GSA
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| GSA, GSE, Both, Neither Has both large and small cell bodies | show 🗑
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| Final common pathway GSA, GSE, Both, Neither | show 🗑
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| show | GSA
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| Ependymal cell layer, mantle layer, marginal zone, none of the above. White matter is in this area | show 🗑
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| Ependymal cell layer, mantle layer, marginal zone, none of the above. Grey matter is in this area | show 🗑
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| Ependymal cell layer, mantle layer, marginal zone, none of the above. Development of Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes | show 🗑
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| show | Marginal Zone
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| Ependymal cell layer, mantle layer, marginal zone, none of the above. GSE | show 🗑
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| Autonomic Ganglia, Sensory/dorsal root ganglia, both , neither. Pseudounipolar neurons | show 🗑
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| show | autonomic ganglia
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| show | Autonomic ganglia
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| Autonomic Ganglia, Sensory/dorsal root ganglia, both , neither. Cells of uniform size and shape. | show 🗑
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| show | Sensory/dorsal root ganglia
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| Autonomic Ganglia, Sensory/dorsal root ganglia, both , neither. Few satalite cells | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous
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| Fibrous, Protoplasmic, both neither Large neuroglial cells found only in the grey matter | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous
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| show | Protoplasmic
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| show | Multipolar neurons
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| The nerve cell body contains all except... Axon hillock, dendrite, nucleus, cytoplasm | show 🗑
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| Which one of these is NOT considered an astrocyte? Fibrous, Protoplasmic, perineuronal | show 🗑
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| show | epinepherine
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| GVA, GVE, Both, Neither. Sympathetic and parasympathetic | show 🗑
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| show | GVE
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| show | GVA
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| show | GVA
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| show | GVE
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| GVA, GVE, Both, Neither. Has cell bodies that are both large and small | show 🗑
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| show | GVA
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| show | GVE
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| show | GVA
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