S&HA&P PowerPoint 13
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| Muscles are necessary in order to ______, but not necessary to _____ unless _______. | inhale (active), exhale (passive), you force yourself to exhale
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| Muscles in the neck involved in inspiration (4) | sternocleidomastoid, scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, scalenus posterior
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| Muscles in the arm/shoulder involved in inspiration (8) | pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius, levator scapulae, rhomboideus minor, rhomboideus major, trapezius
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| Muscles in the thorax involved in inspiration(6) | diaphragm, external intercostal, levatores costarum brevis, levatores costarum longis, serratus posterior superior
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| Muscles in the thorax involved in forced expiration (5) | internal intercostal, innermost intercostal, transversus thoracis, subcostals, serratus posterior inferior
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| Muscles in the abdomen involved in forced expiration (6) | transversus abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, external oblique abdominis, rectus abdominis, quadratus lumborum, latissimus dorsi
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| the major muscles of inspiration at rest are... (name and function) | the diaphragm and the muscles controlling the rib position. the diaphragm changes the vertical dimension of thoracic cavity; rib movements change horizontal dimension
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| elevation of the rib increases what? | the lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity
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| accessory muscles of respiration | involved in specific conditions (exercise, pathology, forced breathing, etc.)
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| muscles of respiration _____ ___ _______ within the thoracic cavity by _______ ___ ________ | change the pressure, changing its dimension
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| Explain how expansion/contraction of the thoracic cavity changes pressure. | When you expand the thoracic cavity , the pressure decreases because the same number of air molecules are now occupying a larger space. Therefore, you need to equalize pressure by adding more air molecules to the expanded thoracic cavity.
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| During inhalation (inspiration), the diaphragm ________. | contracts, causing the vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity to increase.
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| During exhalation (expiration), the diaphragm ________. | relaxes, causing the vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity to narrow.
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| the thoracic diaphragm (function) | a muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib cage, It separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Major muscle of inspiration at rest. Dome descends/contracts with inspiration and ascends/relaxes with expiration.
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| the diaphragm is innervated by the _____ NERVE. | phrenic
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| 2 portions of the diaphragm | central aponeurotic (flat layer of tendon)part and peripheral muscular part
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| the central part of the diaphragm (the central aponeurotic part) | the muscular fibers of the diaphragm converge radially to a C-shaped central tendon, which has no bony attachments.
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| the peripheral part of the diaphragm (the peripheral muscular part) | Has 3 distinct attachments: sternal, costal, and lumbar
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| sternal part of the peripheral muscular part of the diaphragm | attached to the posterior side of the xiphoid process
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| costal part of the peripheral muscular part of the diaphragm | attached to the inferior six ribs (7-12)and their costal cartilages on each side.
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| lumbar part of the peripheral muscular part of the diaphragm | attached to the lumbar vertebrae L1-L5 and their intervertebral discs.
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| the ORIGIN of the thoracic diaphragm (inspiration) | sternal: xiphoid process; costal: ribs 7-12; lumbar: L1-L5
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| the INSERTION of the thoracic diaphragm (inspiration) | central tendon (contracts and depresses)-->decrease pressure-->influx of air inside lungs
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| the basic FUNCTION of the thoracic diaphragm (inspiration) | depresses central tendon and enlarges thoracic cavity
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| the intercostal muscles | are anterior thoracic muscles located between the ribs and move the chest wall up and forward during inspiration. individual muscles start and end between each rib. 2 intercostal muscles involved: external and internal.
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| the FUNCTION of the external intercostals (inspiration) | elevation of the ribs and expansion of the chest
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| the FUNCTION of the internal intercostals (forced expiration) | depresses rib cage
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| Posterior Thoracic Muscles | levatores costarum brevis, levatores costarum longis, serratus posterior superior
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| the FUNCTION of the levatores costarum brevis(inspiration) | elevation of the ribs
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| the FUNCTION of the levatores costarum longis (inspiration) | elevation of the ribs
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| the FUNCTION of the serratus posterior superior (inspiratino) | elevation of ribs 2-5
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| the ORIGIN of the sternocleidomastoid (inspiration) | mastoid process of temporal bone
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| the INSERTION of the sternocleidomastoid (inspiration) | sternum (sterno-) and clavicle (cleido-)
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| the FUNCTION of the sternocleidomastoid (inspiratino) | when acting together, it elevates the sternum and by association, the rib cage
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| the sternocleidomastoid is innervated by the _______ NERVE. | accessory (CN XI)
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| the FUNCTION of the scalenus anterior (inspiration) | elevates rib 1
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| the FUNCTION of the scalenus medius (inspiration) | elevates rib 1
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| the FUNCTION of the scalenus posterior (inspiration) | elevates rib 2
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| the FUNCTION of the pectoralis major (inspiration) | elevates sternum and increases transverse length of rib cage
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| the FUNCTION of the pectoralis minor (inspiration) | increases transverse length of rib cage
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| the FUNCTION of the serratus anterior (inspiration) | elevates ribs 1-9
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| the FUNCTION of the subclavius (inspiration) | elevates rib 1
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| the FUNCTION of the levator scapulae (inspiration) | elevates scapula and stabilizes neck
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| the FUNCTION of the rhomboideus minor (inspiration) | stabilizes pectoral girdle
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| the FUNCTION of the rhomboideus major (inspiration) | stabilizes pectoral girdle
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| the ORIGIN of the Trapezius muscle (inspiration) | vertebrae C2-T12
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| the INSERTION of the Trapezius muscle (inspiration) | scapula and clavicle
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| the Trapezius muscle is innervated by the ______ NERVE. (inspiration) | accessory (CN XI)
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| the FUNCTION of the Trapezius muscle (inspiration) | shoulder shrugging/elongates neck
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| the FUNCTION of the Innermost Intercostals (forced expiration) | depresses rib cage
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| the FUNCTION of the Transversus Thoracis (forced expiration) | depresses rib cage
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| the FUNCTION of the Subcostals (forced expiration) | depresses rib cage
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| the FUNCTION of the Serratus Posterior Inferior (forced expiration) | depresses rib cage
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| Abdonminal Aponeurosis | a broad flat tendinous tructure in the abdominal area; a large area with a lack of structure from which muscles can originate.
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| the FUNCTION of the Transversus Abdominis (forced expiration) | compresses abdomen
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| the FUNCTION of the Internal Oblique Abdominis (forced expiration) | trunk rotation and flexion; abdominal compression
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| the FUNCTION of the External Oblique Abdominis (forced expiration) | trunk rotation (unilateral contraction); vertebral extension (bilateral contraction)
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| the FUNCTION of the Rectus Abdominis (forced expiration) | flexion of vertebral column
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| the FUNCTION of the Quadratus Iumborum(forced expiration) | stabilizes posterior abdominal wall for expiration
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| the FUNCTION of the Latissimus dorsi (forced expiration) | stabilizes posterior abdominal wall for expiration
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