Section 4 - notes
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| Roman Peace | The Pax Romana, ---- ----- is the long era of peace (200 years) that began with Augustus
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| safe | upon becoming emperor in 27 B.C., Augustus set out to make the empire strong and -----
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| army | to provide security, Augustus built a permanent, professional ---- of about 150,000 men
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| Augustus | ----- also created a special unit called the Praetorian Guard
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| emperor | the Praetorian Guard consisted of about 9,000 men in charge of guarding the -----
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| politics | the Praetorian Guard later became very influential in Roman ----
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| legions | Augustus's ---- conquered new territories and added vast stretches of northern Europe to the empire
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| Roman | all of Spain and Gaul came under ---- rule, as did land in what is today Austria, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria
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| hungry; imported | Augustus restored Rome's splendor and fed the --- poor of Rome with ---- grain from Africa
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| government | Augustus worked hard to improve Rome's ------
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| 50 | during Augustus's reign, more than --- million people lived in the Roman Empire
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| governor | Augustus appointed a proconsul or ---- for each province replacing politicians appointed by the Senate
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| tax | Augustus also reformed the Roman --- system
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| paid | before Augustus, individual tax collectors ---- the government for the right to do the job
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| keep | to make their investments worthwhile, tax collectors were allowed to ---- some of the money they gathered
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| dishonest | many of the tax collectors were ---- and took too much money
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| permanent | Augustus solved the problem of the dishonest tax collectors by making tax collectors ----- government workers
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| legal | Augustus also reformed the ---- legal system by creating a set of laws for people who were not citizens
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| followed | The Julio-Claudian emperors were the rulers who --- Augustus: Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero but unfortunately they were not all fit to lead
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| competent | Tiberius and Claudius were ---- rulers
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| strangely | mental illness caused Caligula to act ---- and to treat people cruelly
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| horse | he had many people murdered wasted a lot of money and even gave his favorite --- the position
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| killed | eventually the Praetorian Guard ---- him and put Claudis on the throne
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| Nero | ---- was also a vicious man
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| wives | among those he had killed were his mother and two ----
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| fiddled | he is best remembered for having ---- while Rome burned
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| fire | according to legend, he was playing music miles from Rome when a ---- destroyed much of the city in A.D. 64 but eventually he committed suicide
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| restored | Vespasian ---- order to Rome after the chaos following Nero's death
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| Jewish | he put down several rebellions in the empire, including the ----- rebellion in Palestine
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| Titus | troops commanded by Vespasian's son --- defeated the Jews and destroyed the Jewish temple in Jerusalem in A.D. 70
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| Colosseum | during his reign, Vespasian began construction of the ---- a huge amphitheater in Central Rome
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| Domition | Vespasian's son Titus then his other son ----- ruled Rome after he died
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| growth | both sons oversaw an era of ---- and prosperity in Rome
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| disasters | during Titus's reign two ---- struck the empire
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| Pompeii | the volcano Mount Vesuvius erupted destroying the city of ---- and a great fire badly damaged Rome
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| series | at the beginning of the A.D. 100's a ---- of rulers who were not related to Augustus or Vespasian came to power
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| good emperors | Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius are known as ---- ----
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| flourished | the Roman Empire ---- under their rule
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| educate | Trajan gave money to help poor parents raise and --- their children
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| law | Hadrian made Roman --- easier to understand
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| orphans | Antoninus Pius passed laws to help -----
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| aqueducts | all of the "good emperors" supported public building projects - they built arches and monuments , bridges and roads and harbors and ----
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| aqueducts | ---- is a human-made channel for carrying water long distances
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| reign | the Roman Empire became one of the largest empires in history during the ---- of the good emperors
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| 3.5 million | the Roman Empire included about ---- square miles
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| west; east | the people of the Roman Empire spoke different languages; mostly Latin in the ---- and Greek in the ----
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| identity | what unified the empire, though, were Roman law, Roman rule, and a shared ---- as Romans
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| boundaries | in Europe the empire's northern ---- were at the Rhine River and Danube River
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| Britain | Hadrian's Wall was built across northern ---- to keep out the Picts and Scots; two warlike people
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| citizen | the Romans were generous in granting citizenship - in A.D. 212 every free person was made a Roman ---
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| agriculture | ---- was the most important part of the Roman economy
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| olives; grain | most people were farmers who grew ---- , grapes, and ---
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| industry | ---- was also important
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| brass | potters, weavers, and jewelers produced goods and cities became centers for making glass, bronze, and ----
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| ports | traders came from all over the empire and beyond to ---- in Italy
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| Tiber | two of the largest port cities were Puteoli on the Bay of Naples and Ostia at the mouth of the ----
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| vital | a good transportation system was ---- to the empire's trade
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| 50,000 | during the Pax Romana, Rome's system of roads reached a total length ---- miles
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| currency | Rome's trade was also helped by a common --- currency or system of money
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| coins | Roman ---- were accepted throughout the Mediterranean region by A.D. 100
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| merchants | ---- could use the same money in Gaul or Greece as they did in Italy
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| weights | the Romans also created a standard system of --- and measures
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| prosperity | the Romans standard system of weights and measures made it easier for people to price goods, trade, and ship products
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| gap | a ---- existed between rich merchants, shopkeepers, and skilled workers and poor farmers and city dwellers
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