Horn-heads and dome-heads
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| Marginocephalians belong to what group? | Ornithiscians
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| What 2 groups are the marginocephalians split into? | Pachycephalsauria (dome, bone-headed) & Ceratopsia (horned)
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| Early characteristics of the marginocephalians? | small-bodied and bipedial
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| What does "marginocephalian" mean? | margin-headed
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| Which of the two groups of marginocephalia are from the cretaceous of Europe, Asia, and N. America? Also they are found sparsely IF found. | Pachycephalosaurus
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| Other group: Very successful, found in abundant remains in the late cretaceous of N. America and Asia | Ceratopsians
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| Pachycephalosaurs Anatomy: (mr. burns dinosaur) | Thickened skull domes (thickened frontals and parietals), bipedal, leaf-shaped/serrated teeth
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| Ceratopsians anatomy: | Frill (made from parietals and squamosal bones), horns
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| Who is the oldest ceratopsian? | Yinlong
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| Which ceratopsian is small-bodied, bipedal, and nicknamed the "parrot-lizard"? | Psittacosaurs
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| Group of mid-sized ceratopsians who are thought to be bipedal while others of this same group were quadrupedal? | Protoceratopsids
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| Compare protoceratopsids to psittacosaurs | protoceratopsids possess longer frills but were shorter. Some had a nasal bump (not a horn). Teeth were more advanced.
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| Were all ceratopsids considered bipedal? | No, they were all quadrupedal.
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| What kind of teeth system did ceratopsids possess? | Complex dental batteries (continuous surface of teeth that were placed in rows so teeth were present when the new were replacing the old.)
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| What hypotheses have been made about the dome head of the pachycephalosaur? | Head-butting, flank butting, sexual or intraspecific display
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| What has been found in ceratopsians for processing food? | Gastrolith, or a gizzard
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| What has there been much controversy about as far as the ceratopsian's movement? | Posture and gait of ceratopsids
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| What hypotheses have been made about ceratopsian horns and frills? | Expanded surface for attachment of large jaw muscles, protection, thermoregulation. The strongest being that the frill is used for display.
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| What indicates that ceratopsids traveled in herds? | Large quantities of ceratopsids in one bonebed.
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Created by:
Chelseagirl2508
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