Repiratory system
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| This system takes in oxygen and removes CO2 and water | respiratory system
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| We are meant to breathe through our noses to trap particles (hairs do this) and warm the air with | turbinate bones conchae
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| These neutralize inhaled microorganisms. | pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids
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| The mucous lining the tract is sticky and also traps microorganisms and neutralizes them with | SECRETORY IgA a non-specific antibody.
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| How the rate of breathing is controlled also, The cells of the tract are ciliated to trap particles and microorganisms and to trigger a cough and sneeze reflex through the | medulla oblongata
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| When mucuous moves upwards so it doesn't collect in the deeper parts of the system | mucociliary elevator)
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| After passing through the pharynx, the air passes into the trachea which is a stack of | C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings
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| From here the trachea divides (bifurcates) into left and right bronchi which are also | cartilaginous
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| These are elastic air sacs rich in capillaries that exchange CO2 and O2 with the blood stream via diffusion. | ALVEOLI
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| This substance allows for the dissolving of O2 and CO2 at the surface of the alveolar sac. | SURFACTANT.
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| The level of CO2 in the blood triggers responses by the | medulla.
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| CO2 mixes with H2O to form | carbonic acid (H2CO3).
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| in the medulla they determine the acid concentration in the blood and control the rate of respiration accordingly. | Chemoreceptors
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| a breakdown of the alveoli over years. It is a progressive, eventually fatal disease. There is no replacement of the alveoli once they are destroyed | EMPHYSEMA
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| Carbon dioxide build up in the bloodstream | RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS (CO2 +H2OH2CO3-carbonic acid)
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| The thoracic cavity (chest cavity) is a vacuum. If an injury occurs and air is allowed to enter through a hole to the outside this can develop and a lung will collapse | TRAUMATIC PNEUMOTHORAX
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| In the absence of trauma, a weak spot on the lung (BLEB-a developmental anomaly that developed during in-utero growth) may open causing | SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX.
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| If blood gets into the thoracic cavity it is called ____________If both get in it’s called _______ | HEMOTHORAX. , HEMOPNEUMOTHORAX
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| caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium that was on the decline thanks to antibiotics. Now, due to AIDS, these patients are developing resistant strains that are spreading to the general population. | TUBERCULOSIS
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| caused by constriction of the smooth muscles lining the respiratory tract accompanied by inflammation. Its cause is unknown. | Bronchial asthma
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| Caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci (fungus). Very weak organism. Will not cause an infection in a person with a normal immune system. Much more prevalent in AIDS patients and people with suppressed immune systems | PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA (PCP)-
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