Chapter 13 American History
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| led an expedition to find a route through the Rocky Mountains. | Jedediah Smith
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| a fur trapper or explorer who opened up the West by finding the best trails through the Rocky Mountains. | Mountain Man
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| famous rugged loners. | Jim Beckwourth
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| a person who buys huge areas of land for a low price and then sells off small sections of it at high prices. | land speculator
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| a trail that began in Missouri and ended in Santa Fe, New Mexico. | Santa Fe Trail
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| a trail that ran westward from Independence, Missouri, to the Oregon Territory. | Oregon Trial
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| a member of a church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830. | Mormon
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| Mormon leader after Joseph Smith was killed. Led his people to Utah. | Brigham Young
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| helped fulfill his father’s dream by establishing an American colony in Texas. | Stephen Austin
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| people of Spanish heritage who consider Texas their home. | Tejano
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| the Mexican president during the Texas revolt against Mexico in 1833. | Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
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| commander of the Texas army during the fight for the Alamo. | Sam Houston
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| head of a company of 183 volunteers that fought at the Alamo. | William Travis
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| leader of a band of 25 Tejanos in support of the revolt at the Alamo. | Juan Seguine
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| In 1836 Texans defended a church called The Alamo against the Mexican army; all but five Texans were killed. | Battle of the Alamo
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| the nickname of the republic of Texas, given in 1836. | Lone Star Republic
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| the 11th president of the United States. | James K. Polk
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| the belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. | manifest destiny
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| general of US troops under President Polk. Stationed troops on the Northern Bank of the Rio Grande. | Zachary Taylor
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| the 1846 rebellion by Americans against Mexican rule in California. | Bear Flag Revolt
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| US general who took Mexico City in 1847. | Winfield Scott
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| the 1848 treaty ending the U. S. war with Mexico; Mexico ceded nearly one-half of its land to the United States. | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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| a vast region given up by Mexico after the War with Mexico; it included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming. | Mexican Cession
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| a person who went to California to find gold, starting in 1849 | forty-niner
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| California settlers of Spanish or Mexican descent. | Californio
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| a member of one of the oldest Spanish families in America, he owned 250,000 acres of land. | Mariano Vallejo
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| a Swiss immigrant who persuaded the governor to grant him 50,000 acres in the unsettled Sacrament Valley. He built a fort on his land. | John Sutter
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| a carpenter who built a sawmill on the American River. Discovered gold in the water. | James Marshall
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| in 1849, large numbers of people moved to California because gold had been discovered there. | California Gold Rush
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