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| name the adult derivatives of the following: a. dorsal third pouch b. ventral 4th pouch | a. inferior parathyroid glands
b. ultimobranchial body
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| discuss formation of the cervical sinus | 2nd pharyngeal arch folds caudally, overlapping the 3rd and 4th. It then fuses with the epicardial ridge after covering the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th pharyngeal clefts
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| name the primordium responsible for each part of the tongue listed below a. anterior 2/3 b. posterior 1/3 | a. lateral lingual swellings b. copula
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| name 2 derivatives of the caudal limb of the primary intestinal loop | distal 2-3 of ileum, ascending colon, cecum, right 2/3 of transverse colon
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| name 2 derivatives of the cephalic limb of the primary intestinal loop | distal duodenum, jejunum, most of ileum
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| exactly where does the midgut end in the adult | junction of the right 2/3 and the left 1/3 of the transverse colon
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| list the degrees and rotation of the gut during its return to the abdominal cavity only | 180 deg. counter clockwise
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| discuss the development of the falciform ligament and the lesser omentum | the liver grows and protrudes into the septum transversarum. The mesoderm between ventral abdominal wall and liver becomes falciform ligment. The mesoderm between liver and stomach becomes lesser omentum.
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| From what embryonic components do the following parts of the liver develop? a. parenchyma b. connective tissue | a. gut endoderm
b. mesoderm of septum transversarum
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| Artery whose branches supply the derivatives of the midgut | Superior mesentaric
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| List the embryonic components that collectively form the definitive arch of the aorta | left 4th aortic arch, aortic sac of truncus arteriosus, left dorsal aortae
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| Explain why the right recurrent laryngeal n. loops under the right subclavian a. but the left loops under the arch of the aorta. | The right 6th aortic arch regresses, allowing right recurrent laryngeal to move underneath the 4th aortic arch.
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| Specifically, where does the hindgut end in an adult | the pectinate line of the anal canal
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| Branchial arch composition of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue | ventral mandibular arch mesoderm
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| What week and why does the midgut undergo physiological umbilical herniation | week 6, because the abdominal cavity is too small for the fast growing midgut
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| Draw two diagrams showing positional changes of the cephalic limb of the primary intestinal loop during return of the midgut |
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| Anomaly formed when part of the vitelline duct persists at the apex of the primary intestinal loop | Meckel's Diverticulum
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| In detail, how does a left-sided cecum develop | the midgut only rotates 90 degrees during physiological herniation, doesn't rotate 180 degrees during return.
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| What develops from the a. left 4th aortic arch b. left 2nd aortic arch | a. aortic arch between left subclavian and left common carotid
b. regresses
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| adult derivatives of the a. dorsal 4th pouch b. 3rd cleft | a. superior parathyroids
b. nothing
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| artery whose branches supply the derivatives of the caudal foregut | celiac trunk
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| Briefly, what happens to the endodermal epithelium of the esophagus and intestine in the second month of development | luminal obliteration followed by recavitation
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| Briefly describe an omphalocele. How does it occur? | A herniation of the midgut out to the umbilical cord covered by amnion. The midgut herniates, returns, and then herniates again.
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| Specifically how does a structure become secondarily retroperitoneal? | The dorsal mesentary fuses with parietal peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall.
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| Give the embryonic derivation of the ICA | distal 2/3 from anterior extension of dorsal aortae, proximal 1/3 from 3rd aortic arch
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| Discuss the development of an internal branchial fistula. | Abnormal breakdown of tissue between the 2nd branchial pouch and cleft
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| Adult derivatives of a. 2nd cleft b. 2nd pouch c. ventral 3rd pouch d. copula | a. nothing
b. palatine tonsil and fossa
c. thymus
d. posterior 1/3 of tongue
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| discuss the rotational movements of the stomach | rotates 90 deg. clockwise around the vertical axis, clockwise on AP axis
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| Adult derivatives of a. 2nd aortic arch b. distal left 6th arch | a. regresses
b. ductus arteriosus
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| Earliest branchial arch composition of posterior 1/3 of the tongue | mesoderm from arches 2,3,4
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| The brachiocephalic artery specifically develops from what embryonic component? | aortic sac of truncus arteriosus
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| Derivatives of a. right 4th aortic arch b. left 1st aortic arch | a. proximal part of right subclavian a.
b. regresses
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| give the derivatives of: a. distal part of right 6th aortic arch b. left 4th aortic arch c. 3rd aortic arch | a. ductus arteriosus
b. arch of aorta between left subclavian and left common carotid
c. common carotid and proximal 1/3 of ICA
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| Embryonic component that forms: a. left subclavian artery b. portion of the right subclavian immediately proximal to the vertebral a. | a. left 7th intersegmental a.
b. right dorsal aorta
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| Adult derivatives of the following: a. 2nd cleft b. 2nd pouch c. ventral 3rd pouch d. copula | a. regresses
b. palatine tonsil and fossa
c. thymus
d. posterior 1/3 of tongue
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