Muscles
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| 1Contracttility | shorten with force
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| 2Excitability | respond to stimulus
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| 3Extensibilty | `stretch
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| 4elasticity | ability to recoil
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| 5epimysium | connective tissue sheath around a muscle
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| 6Fascia | connective sheath outside the epimysium
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| 7perimysium | surrounds fasciculi
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| 8Fibers | muscle cell
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| 9endomysium | surronds muscle fibers
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| 10myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of a fiber to another
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| 11actin myofilaments | thin myofilament, resemble two twisted stands of pearls
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| 12myosin myofilaments | thick myofilament, bundles of golf clubs
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| 13sacromere | when actin and myosin filaments form highly ordered units
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| 14resting membrane potential | the charge difference across a membrane
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| 15action potential | the brief reversal back of a charge
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| 16motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers
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| 17neuromusclular junction | branch made up of axons that connects to the muscle
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| 18synapse | near the center of the cell
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| 19motor unit | single motor neuron and all skeletal muscle fibers it innervates
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| 20presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal
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| 21synaptic cleft | space between presynaptic terminal and the muscle
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| 22postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber
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| 23synaptic vesicles | in the presynaptic terminal and secretes a neurotransmitter
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| 24acetylcholine | neurotransmitter secreted by synaptic vesicles
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| 25acetylcholinesterase | breaks down acetylcholine
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| 26sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin filaments during contraction
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| 27muscle twitch | a contraction of the entire muscle in response to a stimulus, causes action potential in one or muscle fibers
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| 28treshold | muscle fiber that wont respond until it has reached this
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| 29all-or-none response | once it has reached the threshold this will happen
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| 30lag phase | time between the application of the stimulus and the beginning of contraction
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| 31contraction phase | time of contraction
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| 32relaxation phase | time when the muscle relaxes
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| 33tetany | when muscles remain contracted without relaxation
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| 34recruitments | the increase number of motor units being activated
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| 35ATP(adenosine triphosphate) | needed for muscle contraction
produced in the mitochondria
shortlived and unstable
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| 36ADP (adenosine diphosphate) | more stable degenerated ATP
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| 37Creatine Phosphate | stockpiled when ATP can't be stockpiled
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| 38Anaerobic resperation | without oxygen
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| 39Aerobic resperation | with oxygen
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| 40oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid into glucose and replenish depleted stores of creatine phosphate
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| 41muscle fatigue | happens when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced
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| 42isometric | equal distance
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| 43isotonic | equal tension
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| 44muscle tone | constant tension, head up or back straight
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| 45fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and tire quickly
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| 46slow twitch fibers | contract slowly and tire slowly
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| 47origin | most stationary part of a muscle (head)
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| 48insertion | end of muscle outgoing most movement
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| 49belly | portion bewteen head and insertion
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| 50origin insertion and belly | some muscles have multiple of these
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| 51synergist | muscles that work together
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| 52antagonist | muscles that work in opposition other muscles
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| 53prime mover | muscle that plays the most important movement
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| 54Muscles are sometimes named by | location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion and function
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| 55Occipital frontalis | raises eyebrows
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| 56orbicularis oculi | closes eyelids
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| 57orbicularis oris | puckers lips
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| 58buccinator | flattens cheeks
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| 59zygomaticus | smile
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| 60levator labii superioris | sneezing
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| 60depressor anguli oris | frowning
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| 61sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle
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| 62platysma | corner of lips down
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| 63mastication | chewing
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| 64extrensic muscle tongue | moves the tongue
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| 65intrinsic muscles tongue | changes shape of tongue
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| 66erector spinae | along side the vertebral column
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| 67throatic extrensic intercostals | inspiration of fair
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| 68throatic intrinsic intercostals | forced expiration of air
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| 69diaphragm | dome shaped muscle
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| 70muscle contraction causes what to shorten | sacromeres
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| 71H and I Band | shorten during contraction
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| 72A band | doesn't change size
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| 73Tendon | muscle connected to bone
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| 74linea alba | white line of connective tissue that extends from sternum to pubis
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| 75external obligues | help to compress abdominal contents
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| 76gluteus maximus | extends hip
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Created by:
jhammerii
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