learning objectives for superficial back
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Which components of the vertebrae form the neural arch? | The pedicles and laminae.
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| What is the function of the neural arch? | To protect the contents of the neural/spinal canal (spinal cord) on its posterior (dorsal) aspect.
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| How many vertebral regions are there in the vertebral column? | Five. (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal).
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| How many vertebrae are in each region? | 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 4 coccygeal (the latter two have their vertebrae fused into the sacrum and the coccyx).
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| List the 4 curvatures of the vertebral column. | Cervical (C1-T2); Thoracic ((T2-T12); Lumbar (L1-L5); and Sacrococcygeal (S1-Co4).
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| Which curvatures are primary? | thoracic and sacrococcygeal
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| Which curvatures are Secondary curvatures? | cervical and lumbar.
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| What is the specific function of each secondary curvature? | Cervical curvature occurs first and helps infants hold their head erect; lumbar curvature occurs later and helps the child throw their weight back over the lower limbs to assist in gait.
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| What are the 3 muscle groups of the back? | Superficial, intermediate and deep.
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| Which of these 3 groups contain muscles extrinsic to this region? | The superficial and intermediate groups contain extrinsic back mm.
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| What is the function of the superficial group of extrinsic groups? | Attaching the limb to the trunk (limb movement).
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| How is the superficial group of extrinsic muscles arranged? | There are two layers of superficial extrinsic back mm.: superficial and deep.
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| List the muscles in the superficial extrinsics layer, their function and innervation. | trapezius (CN XI) and latissimus dorsi thoracodorsal n.)
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| List the muscles in the Deep extrinsics, their function and innervation. | levator sacpulae, rhomboideus minor and rhomboideus major (in that order from superior to inferior off the medial border of the scapula). innervated by the dorsal scapular n. assisted by the dorsal rami of C3 and C4.
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