Anatomy Exam Block 1 Spring 2013
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Where does the rectum begin | 3rd sacral vertebrae
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| Describe the tilting of the uterus | 90 degrees anterior is the norm (antiflexion)
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| Describe the course of the ureter in the female | It crosses inferior to the uterine artery and superior to the vaginal artery
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| What makes up the broad ligament | 2 layers of peritoneum that course from the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall
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| What runs inside of the broad ligament | Uterine (fallopian) tube
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| What are the 3 parts of the broad ligament | Mesosalphinx, mesovarium, and mesometrium
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| What forms the pectinate line of the anal canal | Anal columns, anal valves, anal sinuses
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| What branch does the superior rectal artery arise from | Inferior mesenteric artery
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| At what level does the IMA branch from the aorta | L3
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| At what level does the ovarian/testicular artery branch from the aorta | L2
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| What does the ovarian artery anastomose with | Uterine artery which comes off the internal iliac artery (branch of the common iliac artery
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| At what level does the aorta bifurcate | L4
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| At what level does the IVC bifurcate | L5
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| What artery runs through the suspensory ligament | Ovarian artery
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| What are the branches off the pudendal artery | Inferior rectal, perineal, bulb, urethra, deep, dorsal
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| Internal hemorrhoids may be a sign of | Portal hypertension (due to superior rectal veins)
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| External hemorrhoids are associate with what veins | Inferior rectal veins (as opposed to superior which can cause internal hemorroids)
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| What are the branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery | Iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal (I.L.S)
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| Sciatic nerve is formed by the anterior rami of which spinal nerves | L4 - S3
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| The pudendal nerve is formed by contributions from the anterior rami of which spinal nerves | S2-S4
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| Where does the pudendal nerve exit the pelvis | Passes inferior to the piriformis muscle
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| What kind of fibers do the pelvic splanchnics carry | Preganglionic parasympathetic
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| The pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from which anterior rami | Spinal nerves S2-S4
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| The pelvic diaphragm is made up of which muscles | Levator ani and coccygeus muscles (+ the fascia covering these muscles)
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| What are the three muscles of the levator ani | Puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus
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| Talk about the tendinous arch | The tendinous arch is a thickening of the obturator internus fascia to which the iliococcygeus muscle (part of levator ani) attaches
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| Where do the obturator internus and externus attach to | Greater trochanter of the femur (the piriformis muscle attaches here as well)
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| What motion do the obturator muscles as well as the piriformis aid in | Lateral rotation of the thigh
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| To measure the OBSTETRIC conjugate measure from the sacral promontory to the | Posterior border of the pubic symphysis
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| To measure the DIAGONAL conjugate measure from the __________ to the lower border of the pubic symphysis | Sacral promontory
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| What regions of the pelvic inlet make up the linea terminalis | Pubic crest, pecten pubis, arcuate line
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| The subpubic arch in the female is how many degrees | 80-85 degrees (which is larger than the male which is 50-60 degrees)
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| The pelvic inlet in a male is what shape | <3
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| What divides the greater and lesser sciatic foramina | Sacrospinous ligament (sacrum to the ischial spine)
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| What other ligament closes the lesser sciatic foramen | Sacrotuberous ligament (sacrum to ischial tuberosity)
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| Is the sacroiliac joint a synovial joint | YES (but it can become fibrous or ossified with age)
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| Three parts of the pelvic bone | Ilium, ischium, pubic bone
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| Bones that make the pelvis | Two pelvic bones and the sacrum
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| What passes through the gap between the transverse perineal ligament and the pubic symphysis | Deep dorsal vein of the penis/clitoris
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| What is the corona of the penis | Prominent margin of the glans
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| Is corpora cavernosa erectile tissue | YES
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| What runs through the corpus songiosum of the penis | Spongy urethra
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| Name the superficial penile fascia | Dartos fascia
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| Name the deep penile fascia | Buck's fascia
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| What kind of muscle is the bulbospongiosus | Skeletal muscle (contraction helps expel urine or semen from urethra, also aids in erection)
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| What covers the crura of the penis or clitoris | Ischiocavernosus (skeletal muscle)
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| Attachments of the superficial transverse perineal muscles | From ischial tuberosity and insert into the perineal body
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| What male part is homologous to the labia majora | Male scrotum
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| Name something that ends at the labia majora | The round ligament of the uterus
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| The clitoris is homologous to the | Penis
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| In the FEMALE Colle's fascia is continuous with | Scarpa's fascia
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| In the MALE Colle's fascia is continuous with | Scarpa's fascia
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| What about when Colle's fascia goes to the penis and scrotum, then what do you call it | Dartos fascia
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| The internal pudendal artery arises from the | Anterior division of the internal iliac artery
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| What sciatic foramen does the pudendal artery pass through | BOTH. It leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and then passes through the lesser sciatic foramen in the gluteal region
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| Name the two branches of the external pudendal artery | Superficial and deep external pudendal arteries (which are branches off the femoral artery)
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| The internal pudendal veins drains into the | Internal iliac veins
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| Superficial structures of the urogenital triangle have lymphatic drainage to | Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
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| Lymphatics from structures in the deep perineal space drain to | Internal iliac nodes
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| Does the pudendal nerve supply somatic innervation to the perineum | YES (if you know nothing else for the exam, know this)
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| For a pudendal nerve block where would you inject the anesthetic | Near the ischial spine
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| Where does the rectum end | Anorectal flexure (Anal canal begins here)
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| The rectum is separated from the bladder by the | Rectovesical pouch
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| What pouch is between the rectum and uterus in the female | Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)
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| What is the anocutaneous line | Inferior boundary between the internal and external anal sphincters (also called the intersphincter groove)
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| Arterial supply to the rectum and anal canal superior to the pectinate line | Superior rectal arteries (from IMA)
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| Arterial supply to the anal canal inferior to the pectinate line | Inferior rectal arteries (off the internal pudendal arteries)
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| In the female what lies posterior to the vagina | Rectum
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| What is the fornix | Part of the superior vagina that surrounds the cervix
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| Name the layers of the uterus | Myometrium, perimetrium, endometrium
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| If the cervix has a more posterior angling we call this | Retroversion
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| Name the pouch between the uterus and urinary bladder | Vesicouterine pouch
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| Where do the pain fibers for the cervix and upper vagina originate | S2-S4 (they pass through pelvic splanchnics and the inferior hypogastric plexus to reach the vagina)
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| What type of fibers are found in the inferior hypogastric plexus | Pre- and post- sympathetic and parasympathetic, and sensory/afferent fibers
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| Is the ureter retroperitoneal | YES
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| At what locations is the ureter most constricted | Origin from renal pelvis, where is crosses the pelvic brim, passes through the bladder
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| Pain from the abdominal part of the ureter is relayed to which spinal cord segments | T11-L2 (spasms can occur due to ureteral stones)
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| Is the apex of the bladder anterior or posterior | Anterior
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| List the branches of the posterior branch of the internal iliac artery | Iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal
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| Pudendal nerve contains fibers from what ventral rami | S2-S4
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| Pelvic splanchnic nerves contain what kind of fibers | Preganglionic parasympathetic
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