Skeletal System-Joints
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| Joints | Union between two or more bones
Classified on basis of structural features: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial types
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| Joints innervation | Hilton's Law:
HiNerve supplying joint also supplies muscles that move the joint and the skin covering the insertion of such muscles
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| Fibrous Joints | Synarthroses
Joined by fibrous tissue, have no joint cavities, and allow little movement
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| Fibrous Connective Tissue Connect | Sutures- found between Flat bones of Skull
Syndesmoses- occur as the inferior tibiofibular and tympanostapedial syndesmoses
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| Cartilaginous Joints | United by cartilage and have no joint cavity
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| Primary Cartilaginous Joints | Synchondroses
United by HYALINE cartilage
Do not allow movement but growth in the length of the bone
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| Primary Cartilaginous Joints Examples | Epiphyseal cartilage plates= union between epiphysis and diaphysis of growing bone
Spneno-occipital and manubriosternal synchondroses
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| Secondary Cartilaginous Joints | Symphyses
Joined by FIBROCARTILAGE
Slightly movable joints
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| Secondary Cartilaginous Joints Examples | Pubic symphysis and interval disks
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| Synovial Joints | Diarthrodial
Permit great degree of free movement
Classified according to shape of articulation and/or type of movement
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| Synovial Joints: Plane (Gliding) Joints | United by two flat articular surfaces
Allow simple gliding or sliding of one bone over another
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| Synovial Joints: Plane (Gliding) Joints Examples | In the proximal tibiofibular, intertarsal, intermetacarpal, sternoclavicular, and acromioclavicular joints
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| Synovial Joints: Hinge (Ginglymus)Joints | Resembles door hinge
Allow only flexion and extension
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| Synovial Joints: Hinge (Ginglymus)Joints Examples | In the elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints
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| Synovial Joints: Pivot (Trochoid) Joints | Formed by central bony pivot turning within a bony ring
Only allows rotation
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| Synovial Joints: Pivot (Trochoid) Joints Examples | In the superior and inferior radioulnar joints and in the atrantoaxial joint
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| Synovial Joints: Condylar (Ellipsoidal) Joints | Two convex condyles articulating with two concave condyles
Shape of articulation is ellipsoidal
Allow flexion and extension
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| Synovial Joints: Condylar (Ellipsoidal) Joints Examples | In the wrist (radiocarpal), metacarpophalengeal, knee (tibiofemoral), and atlanto-occipital joints
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| Synovial Joints: Saddle (Sellar) Joints | Resemble a horse's saddle
Allow flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction but no axial rotation
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| Synovial Joints: Saddle (Sellar) Joints Examples | In the carpometacarpal joint of th thumb and between femur and patella
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| Synovial Joints: Ball-and-socket (Spheroidal) Joints | Formed by reception of globular head into a cup-sapped cavity
Allow movement in many directions: flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotations, and circumduction
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| Synovial Joints: Ball-and-socket (Spheroidal) Joints Examples | In the shoulder and hip joints
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