History(Ancient Ireland)
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| Who were the first settlers in Ireland and when did they arrive? | Middle Stone Age(Mesolithic) people. 8000BC
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| Give two characteristics for the 1st settlers in Ireland | They were hunters and gathers. They hunted animals and gathered nuts and berrries
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| Where did the 1st settlers settle? | Mount Sandel, Northern Ireland
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| When did the 1st farmers arrive in Ireland and what were they called? | 4000BC,New Stone Age(Neolithic) people
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| Give 2 characteristics for the 1st farmers | They built large megalithic tombs, they grew wheat and barley and kept cattle,sheep and pigs
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| What is meant by the word megalithic? | Great stone
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| Name two type of tombs Neolithic people built | Court cairns, portal dolmens, passage graves
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| What is a portal dolmen? | A type of tomb built by Neolithic people. It consisted of a capstone(top piece) and two upright stones called portals
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| What is a passage grave? | A passage that leads to a chamber
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| Give an example of a passage grave and talk about it | Newgrange,Co.Meath.Newgrange is about 4500 years old.A long passage leads from the tomb entrance to a chamber deep inside the tomb where people such as kings are were burried.
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| Give an interesting fact about the passage grave you have mentioned | Over the entrance the is a hole called a light hole. The hole is positioned that,precisely at the sunrise on 21 December sunlight can pass through the hole , down the passage and light up the chamber
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| What is wattle? | Woven wooden poles to form a frame/wall for the house
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| What is daub? | Mud witch was plastered onto the walls
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| What were rotary querns? | Circular grinding stones that rubbed off each other
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| What was the Bronze age? | Around 2000BC when people who came to Ireland discovered how to make sharp weapons and tools out of bronze
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| What is bronze? | Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin
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| What were Torcs? | Necklaces or bracelets that resembled ropes
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| What were Lunulas? | Gold necklaces that looked like the crescent moon
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| What was a Fulachtaí Fia? | An ancient cooking place
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| Name two types of tombs bronze age people built | Cist graves, wedge tombs,standing stones
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| What was a cist grave? | A small rectangular pit lined with stone slabs
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| What was wedge tomb? | They looked like portal dolmens but they were high at one end and low and narrow at the other
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| What was the iron age? | When Celts arrived to Ireland from Europe and brought knowledge of iron with them
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| When did the Celts arrive? | 500BC
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| Name two pieces of clothing Celts wore? | Tunics, woolen cloaks
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| What are stone forts? | Circular forts called Dúns
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| What was the job of smiths? | To make tools and weapons out of iron
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| What was the job of stonemasons? | To make objects such as ogham stones. Stone pillars with names carved into them
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| What was the job of carpenters? | To help build houses,fences and boats
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| What was a Druid? | A priest
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| Name two Celtic festivals | Samhain,1 Nov,Celtic New year. Bealtine,1 May, The beginning of summer
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| What was a tuatha? | A small kingdon
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| What was a rí? | A king
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| What was a tániste? | The kings successor
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| What was the derbhfine? | The royal family
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| What was a brehon? | A judge
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| What was a Filí? | A poet
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| What was a bard? | People who recited or sang poetry
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| Who were the Aos Dána? | Important people due to their special skills
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| Name 2 members of the Aos Dána? | Druids and Filí
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| What was fosterage? | When children of nobles were sent to other nobles to be educated
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| Celtic societies was organised in a certain way. Name the catorgaries people were organised in, in order from wealthy to poor | The royal family, the nobles, the Aos Dána, the commoners and the slaves
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