Constitution Ratification ch 7;3
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| A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives | Republic
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| What role did George WAshington play at the Constitutional Convention? | Presiding Officer
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| A system of government where power is shared between states and the national government | Federal System (federalism)
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| What is the supreme law of the land? | The Constitution
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| What keeps one branch of government from gaining too much power? | checks and balances
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| WHo were the people that supported the new Constitution and the increased power of the National government? | The Federalists, such as Alexander Hamilton and James Madison
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| A book of essays, written anonymously, arguing for the need of a stronger central government are called? | The Federalist Papers
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| What European movement produced thinkers such as John Locke and the Baron de Montesquieu? | The Enlightenment
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| What thinker said that all humans are born with natural rights, and the purpose of the government is to protect those rights? | John Locke
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| Congress passes laws. Who has the power to VETO, or reject, those laws? | The President (Executive)
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| Who appoints Supreme Court judges? | The President
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| Who must approve the President's choice for Supreme Court? | Congress
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| As a check over the President, how long is the term for a Supreme Court justice? | for life, freeing them from political control by the president
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| What did the Antifederalists fear? | That the rights of the people would be taken away by the powerful government
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| What did the Antifederalists demand in order to ratify the Constitution? | A Bill of Rights
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| What English document of 1215 began the principle of "limited government?" | The Magna Carta
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| What English document of 1689 further limited the power of the monarch and reinforced basic rights? | The English Bill of Rights
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| What indirect method is used to elect the President? | The Electoral College
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| What is a change to the Constitution called? | An amendment
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| What year was the Constitution written? | 1787
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| Dividing the power of the government into 3 branches in order to avoid a concentration of power is known as what? | Separation of powers
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| 1st Amendment | freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and petition
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| 2nd amendment | right to bear arms
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| 3rd amendment | right not to house soldiers in our homes
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| 4th amendment | righ to private property (no illegal searches and seizures)
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| 5th Amendment | right not to testify against yourself, and right to due process before your rights can be taken away
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| 6th amendment | right to a fair and speedy trial
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| 7th amendment | right to have jury trial if you sue someone
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| 8th amendment | no cruel and unusual punishment, no excessive bail
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| 9th amendment | these are not your only rights (fear of Federalists that one day a leader may try to limit your rights to those)
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| 10th amendment | Powers not given to the national government, or denied to the states, are reserved for the states (states rights)
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| Under the ARticles of Confederation, where did the power lay? | With the states
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| The Supreme Court hears cases involving the Constitution. What can the Supreme Court do if Congress passes a law that violates the Constitution? | Judicial Review: they can declare the law unconstitutional
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| Which branch of government has the power to tax, declare war and make laws? | Congress (Legislative Branch)
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