Origin, Insertion, and Action of Select Skeletal Muscles
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| buccinator | O: outer surfaces of maxilla and mandible I: orbicularis oris A: compresses cheeks inward
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| orbicularis oculi | O: maxillary and frontal bones I: skin around eye A: closes eye
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| orbicularis oris | O: muscles near the mouth I: skin of central lip A: closes lips
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| platysma | O: fascia in upper chest I: lower border of mandible A: draws angle of mouth downward
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| zygomaticus | O: zygomatic bone I: corner of mouth A: raises corner of mouth
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| masseter | O:lower border of zygomatic arch I: lateral surface of mandible A: elevates mandible
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| temporalis | O: temporal bone I: coronoid process and anterior rams of mandible A: elevates mandible
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| sternocleidomastoid | O: anterior surface of sternum and upper surface of clavicle I: mastoid process of the temporal bone A: pulls head to one side, flexes neck or elevates sternum
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| pectoralis minor | O: sternal ends of upper ribs I: coracoid process of scapula A: pulls scapula forward and downward or raises ribs
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| serratus anterior | O: outer surfaces of upper rips I: ventral surface of scapula A: pulls scapula anteriorly and downward
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| trapezius | O: occipital bone and spines of cervical and thoracic vertebra I: clavical, spine, and acromion process of the scapula A: rotates scapula, various fibers raise scapula, pull scapula medially, or pull scapula and shoulder downward
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| deltoid | O: acromion process, spine of scapula, and the clavicle I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus A: abducts, extends, and flexes arm
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| infraspinaus | O: posterior surface of scapula below spine I: greater tubercle of humerus A: rotates arm laterally
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| latissimus dorsi | O: spines of sacral, lumbar, and lower thoracic vertebrae; illiac crest, and lower ribs I: intertubercular groove of humerus A: extends, adducts, and rotates the arm medially, or pulls the shoulder downward and back
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| pectoralis major | O: clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages of the upper ribs I: intertubercular groove of humerus A: flexes, adducts, and rotates the arm medially
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| biceps brachii | O: coracoid process and tubercle above glenoid cavity of scapula I: radial tuberosity of radius A: flexes elbow and rotates hand laterally
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| brachialis | O: anterior shaft of the humerus I: coronoid process of ulna A: flexes elbow
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| brachioradialis | O: distal lateral end of humerus I: lateral surface of radius above styloid process A: flexes elbow
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| triceps brachii | O: tubercle below glenoid cavity and lateral and medial surfaces of humerus I: olecranon process of the ulna A: extends elbow
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| external oblique | O: outer surface of the lower ribs I: outer lip of illiac crest and linea alba A: tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal compartments
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| internal oblique | O: crest of illium and inguinal ligament I: cartilages of lower ribes, linea alba, and crest of pubis A: tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal compartments
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| transverse abdominus | O: costal cartilages of lower ribs, processes of lumbar vertebra, lip of illac crest, and inguinal ligament I: linea alba and crest of pubis A: tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal compartments
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| rectus abdominus | O: crest of pubis and symphysis pubis I: xiphoid process of sternum and costal cartilages A: tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal compartments, also flexes vertebral column
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| levator ani | O: pubic bones and ischial spine I: coccyx A:supports pelvic viscera and provides sphincterlike action in anal canal and vagina
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| sphincter urethrae | O: margins of pubis and ischium I: fibers unite with those from other side A: opens and closes urethra
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| adductor longus | O: pubic bone near symphysis pubis I: posterior surface of femus A: adducts, flexes, and rotates thigh laterally
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| adductor magnus | O: ischial tuberosit I: posterior surface of femus A: adducts thigh, posterior portion extends and anterior portion flexes thigh
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| gluteus maximus | O: sacrum, coccyx, and posterior surface of illium I: posterior surface of femur and fascia of thigh A: extends hip
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| iliacus | O: iliac fossa of ilium I: lesser thochanter of femus A: flexes thigh
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| gracilis | O: lower edge of symphysis pubis I: medial surface of tibia A: adducts thigh and flexes knee
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| psoas major | O: lumbar intervertebral discs, bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae I: lesser trochanter of femur A: flexes thigh
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| biceps femoris | O: ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur I: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia A: flexes knee, rotates leg, and extends thigh
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| semimembranosus and semitendinosus | O: ischial tuberosity I: medial surface of tibia A: flexes knee, rotates leg, and extends thigh
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| sartorius | O: anterior superior iliac spine I: medial surface of tibia A: flexes knee and hip, abducts and rotates thigh laterally
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| quadricepts femoris | I: patella by common tendon, which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity A: extends knee
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| fibularis longus | O: lateral condyle of tibia and head and shaft of fibula I: tarsal and metatarsal bones A: plantar flexion and eversion of foot, supports arch
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| gastrocnemius | O: lateral and medial condyles of femur I: posterior surface of calcaneus A: plantar flexion of foot, flexes knee
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| soleus | O: head and shaft of fibula and posterior surface of tibia I: posterior surface of calcaneus A: plantar flexion of flot
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| tibialis anterior | O: lateral condyle and lateral surface of tibia I: tarsal bone (cuneiform) and first metatarsal A: dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
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| tibialis posterior | O: lateral condyle and posterior surface of tibia and posterior surface of fibula I: tarsal and metatarsal bones A: plantar flexion and eversion of foot, supports arch
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