A.P. Gov Vocabulary
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| show | The institutions and processes through which public policies are made for a society
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| Public Goods | show 🗑
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| show | The process by which we select our governmental leaders and what policies said leaders pursue
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| show | All the activities by which citizens try to influence political leaders
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| show | Narrow interest groups that often taken an uncompromising stance
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| show | The process by which policy is conceived and made
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| Linkage institutions | show 🗑
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| show | The issues that attract serious attention from officials and other people
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| Political issue | show 🗑
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| Policy making institutions | show 🗑
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| show | A choice that government makes in response to a political issue
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| show | The effects a policy has on the people and the problem
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| Democracy | show 🗑
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| show | A fundamental principle in traditional democratic theory where the majority's desire is respected
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| Minority rights | show 🗑
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| show | A basic principle of traditional democratic theory that describes the relationships between leaders and followers
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| show | A theory of American democracy that emphasizes policy making is very open to all groups, with no single group dominating, for the good of the whole
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| Elitism | show 🗑
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| Hyperpluralism | show 🗑
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| Policy gridlock | show 🗑
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| Political culture | show 🗑
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| show | The sum of the value of all of the goods and services produced in a year in a country
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| show | The distribution of the population's beliefs
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| Demography | show 🗑
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| show | A count of the entire population, required by Constitution every 10 years
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| show | A term used to characterize US
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| show | The situation where non-Hispanic whites will be the minority, and all of the minorities together will be the majority
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| Reapportionment | show 🗑
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| Political socialization | show 🗑
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| Sample | show 🗑
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| Random sampling | show 🗑
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| Sampling error | show 🗑
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| Random-digit dialing | show 🗑
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| Exit poll | show 🗑
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| show | A coherent set of beliefs about politics, public policy, and public purpose which give meaning to political events
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| show | The regular pattern in which women support Democrats and men support Republicans, generally
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| show | A form of political participation designed to achieve change through dramatic tactics
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| Civil disobidence | show 🗑
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| Federalism | show 🗑
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| Unitary government | show 🗑
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| Intergovernmental relations | show 🗑
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| Supremacy clause | show 🗑
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| show | Powers given specifically in the Constitution
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| Implied powers | show 🗑
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| Elastic clause | show 🗑
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| Full faith and credit | show 🗑
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| show | A legal process where a person is turned over the state where the crime was committed
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| Privileges and immunities | show 🗑
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| show | A system of government in which both the state and national governments are supreme in their own sphere
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| Cooperative federalism | show 🗑
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| Devolution | show 🗑
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| Fiscal federalism | show 🗑
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| show | Federal grants that can only be used for specific purposes
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| show | A type of categorical grant award on the basis of merit in applications
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| show | A type of categorical grant in which money is distributed on the basis of a formula
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| Block grants | show 🗑
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| Constitution | show 🗑
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| Declaration of Independence | show 🗑
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| Natural rights | show 🗑
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| show | The idea that government derives its authority by the sanction of the people
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| Limited government | show 🗑
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| show | The first constitution of the US with most of the authority residing in the states
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| show | A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers to block foreclosure proceedings
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| US Constitution | show 🗑
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| Factions | show 🗑
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| New Jersey Plan | show 🗑
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| Virginia Plan | show 🗑
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| Connecticut Compromise | show 🗑
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| Writ of habeas corpus | show 🗑
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| Separation of powers | show 🗑
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| show | Features of the Constitution that limit each branches' power by requiring action from another branch
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| show | A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws
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| show | Supports of the US constitution
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| show | Opponents of the US Consitituion
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| show | A collection of 85 articles that defend the US Consitution
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| Bill of Rights | show 🗑
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| show | A failed constitutional amendment that gave equal rights to both males and females
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| show | The power of the courts to determine whether actions are Constitutional or not, established in Maybury v. Madison
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| show | The legal constitutional protections against government
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| show | In 14th amendment, guarantees persons cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property by government without due process
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| show | The legal concept under which the Supreme Court has applied the Bill of Rights to the state government
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| Establishment clause | show 🗑
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| Free exercise clause | show 🗑
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| Prior restraint | show 🗑
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| show | The publication of falsehoods about a person meant to destroy their reputation
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| show | Nonverbal communication
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| show | Communication in the form of advertising
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| Probable cause | show 🗑
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| show | Obtaining evidence in a haphazard or random manner (need probable cause or a search warrant)
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| show | A written authorization from the court specifying the area to be searched and what the police are searching for
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| Exclusionary rule | show 🗑
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| Self-incrimination | show 🗑
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| show | A bargain struck between the defendant's lawyer and the prosecutor to the effect that the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser crime (or fewer crimes) in exchange for the state's promise not to prosecute the defendant for a more serious crimes
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| Right to privacy | show 🗑
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| show | The legal constitutional protections against the government
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| Bill of Rights | show 🗑
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| First Amendment | show 🗑
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| show | One of the civil war amendments that states that no state can inhibit due process
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| show | Part of the 14th amendment that due process can not be taken away
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| Incorporation doctrine | show 🗑
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| Establishment clause | show 🗑
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| show | Freedom from Congress making a law inhibiting people from practicing their religion
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| show | A government prohibiting stuff from being published before it is ever published
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| show | The publication of false or malicious statements that damage someone's reputation
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| show | Nonverbal communication
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| show | Communication in the form of advertising
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| Probable cause | show 🗑
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| show | Obtaining evidence in a haphazard or random manner, a practice prohibited by the Fourth Amendment. Probable cause and/or a search warrant are required for a legal and proper search for and seizure of incriminating evidence
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| show | A written authorization from a court specifying the area to be searched and what the police are searching
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| show | The rule that evidence cannot be introduced into a trial if it was not constitutionally obtained
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| 5th Amendment | show 🗑
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| Self-incrimination | show 🗑
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| show | Another later amendment designed to protect the rights of the accused
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| Plea bargaining | show 🗑
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| 8th Amendment | show 🗑
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| show | Court sentences prohibited by 8th amendment, and determined by the courts
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| show | The right to a private personal life away from the intrusion of government
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| Civil Rights | show 🗑
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| show | Part of the 14th amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent protection to all people
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| show | The constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude
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| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | show 🗑
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| Suffrage | show 🗑
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| show | The last of the Civil War amendments that extended suffrage to African Americans
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| show | Small taxes levied on the right to vote used to exclude certain groups from voting
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| show | Primary elections from which African Americans were excluded
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| 24th amendment | show 🗑
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| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | show 🗑
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| 19th Amendment | show 🗑
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| show | A constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 stating that equality cannot be denied on the bases of sex, but it never passed
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| show | A law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment
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| show | A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group
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| Capitalism | show 🗑
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| show | An economic system in which the government is deeply involved in economic decisions
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| Multinational corporations | show 🗑
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| show | The federal agency created during the New Deal that regulates the stock market
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| show | The legal minimum hourly wage to which most workers are entitled
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| show | An organization of workers intended to engage in collective bargaining
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| show | Negotiations between representatives of labor unions and management to determine pay and acceptable working condititions
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| Unemployment rate | show 🗑
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| Underemployment rate | show 🗑
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| Inflation | show 🗑
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| Consumer price index | show 🗑
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| show | The principle that government should not meddle in the economy
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| show | Government manipulation of the supply of money in private mands
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| Monetarism | show 🗑
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| Federal Reserve System | show 🗑
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| show | The use of the federal budget to influence the economy
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| Keynesian economic theory | show 🗑
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| Supply side economics | show 🗑
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| show | Economic policy of shielding an economy from imports
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| show | International organization that promotes free trade
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| show | Policy designed to ensure competition and prevent monopoly
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| show | The federal agency with broad regulatory powers of food and drug in the US
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| show | Wagner act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining, sets rules for unions, and establishes the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor management relations
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| show | Policies that provide benefits, cash or in-kind, to individuals, based on either entitlement or means testing
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| Means-tested programs | show 🗑
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| Income distribution | show 🗑
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| show | A perception by an individual that he or she is not doing well economically in comparison to others
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| Income | show 🗑
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| Wealth | show 🗑
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| Poverty line | show 🗑
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| Feminization of poverty | show 🗑
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| Progressive tax | show 🗑
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| Proportional tax | show 🗑
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| show | A tax in which the burden falls relatively more heavily on low income groups than wealthy tax payers
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| show | Refundable federal income tax credit for low to moderate income working individuals and families
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| show | Benefits given by the government directly to individuals-either cash or in-kind
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| show | Created both the Social Security program and a national assistance program for poor families
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| show | The welfare reform law of 1996 which implemented the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program
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| Temporary Assistance for Needy Families | show 🗑
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| Social Security Trust Fund | show 🗑
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| show | Organization contracted by individuals or insurance companies to provide health care for a yearly fee
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| show | A program added to the Social Security in 1965 that provides hospitalization insurance for the elderly and provides elderly opportunity to purchase other health insurance for cheap
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| show | A public assistance program designed to provide health care for poor Americans and funded by both the state and national government
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| National health insurance | show 🗑
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| Environment Protection Agency | show 🗑
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| show | Centerpiece of federal environmental policy which requires agencies to file environmental impact statements
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| Environmental impact statement | show 🗑
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| Clean Air Act of 1970 | show 🗑
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| Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 | show 🗑
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| show | A law requiring the federal government to protect all species listed as endangered
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| show | A fund created by Congress in 1980 to clean up hazardous waste coming taxing chemical products
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| Global warming | show 🗑
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| Foreign policy | show 🗑
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| United Nations | show 🗑
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| show | A regional organization that was created in 1949 by Atlantic countries for mutual defense among other things
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| European Union | show 🗑
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| Secretary of state | show 🗑
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| Secretary of defense | show 🗑
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| Joint Chiefs of Staff | show 🗑
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| show | An agency created after World War II to coordinate American intelligence activities abroad and to collect, analyze, and evaluate intelligence
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| show | The foreign policy course the United States followed throughout most of its history whereby it tried to stay out of other nations' conflicts, particularly European wars
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| show | A foreign policy strategy advocated by George Kennan that called for the United States to isolate the Soviet Union, contain its advances, and resist its encroachments by peaceful means if possible
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| show | The hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union which often brought them to the brink of war
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| show | A tense relationship beginning in the 1950s between the Soviet Union and United States whereby one side's weaponry became the other side's motivation to procure more weaponry and so forth
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| show | A policy beginning in the early 1970s that sought a relaxation of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union coupled with firm guarantees of mutual security
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| Interdepency | show 🗑
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| Tariff | show 🗑
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| Balance of trade | show 🗑
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| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries | show 🗑
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| show | The battle of the parties for control of public offices
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| Political party | show 🗑
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| Linkage institutions | show 🗑
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| Rational choice theory | show 🗑
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| Party image | show 🗑
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| Party identification | show 🗑
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| show | Voting for one party for one office and other party for a different office
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| Party machines | show 🗑
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| show | One of the key inducements used by party machines, such as a job promotion or contract
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| Closed primaries | show 🗑
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| show | Elections to select party nominees in which voters can decide on Election Day whether they want to participate in Republican or Democrat primaries
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| show | The meeting of party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party's platform
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| show | One of the institutions that keeps the party operating between conventions
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| show | Responsible for the day to day activities of the party and is usually handpicked by the presidential nominee
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| show | A group of individuals with a common interest upon which every political party depends
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| Party eras | show 🗑
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| Critical election | show 🗑
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| show | The displacement of the majority party by the minority party during a critical election period
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| New Deal colition | show 🗑
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| Party dealignment | show 🗑
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| show | Electoral contenders other than the two major parties
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| show | An electoral system in which legislative seats are awarded only to the candidates who come in first in their constituencies
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| show | An electoral system used throughout most of Europe that awards legislative seats based on the proportion of votes the party won
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| Coalition government | show 🗑
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| show | A view how parties should work, that says parties should offer clear choices to the voters, who can then use those choices as cues to their own preferences of candidates
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| Blue Dog Democrats | show 🗑
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| show | An organization of people with shared policy goals entering the policy process at several points to try to achieve these goals
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| Pluralism | show 🗑
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| show | A theory of government and politics contending that an upper class elite will hold most of the power and thus in effect run the government
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| Hyperpluralism | show 🗑
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| Iron triangles | show 🗑
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| Potential group | show 🗑
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| Actual group | show 🗑
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| show | Something of value that cannot be withheld from a potential group member
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| show | For a group the problem of people not joining because they can benefit without joining.
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| Selective benefits | show 🗑
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| Single issue group | show 🗑
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| show | A communication by someone other than a citizen acting on his or her own behalf directed to a governmental decision maker with the hope of influencing his or her decision
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| Electioneering | show 🗑
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| show | Political funding vehicles
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| show | A provision found in some collective bargaining agreements requiring all employees of a business to join the union within a short period
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| Right to Work laws | show 🗑
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| Public interest lobbies | show 🗑
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| show | The official endorsement of a candidate for office by a political party requiring generally momentum, money, and media
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| Campaign strategy | show 🗑
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| National party convention | show 🗑
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| show | A commission formed at the 1968 Democratic convention in response to demands for reform by minority groups and others who sought better representation
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| show | National party leaders who automatically get a delegate slot at the national party convention
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| show | A system for selecting convention delegates in which people express their opinions regarding candiates
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| show | Elections in which a state's voters go to the polls to express their preference for a party's nominee for president
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| Front loading | show 🗑
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| National primary | show 🗑
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| Regional primary | show 🗑
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| show | A political party's statement of its goals and policies for the next four years
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| Direct mail | show 🗑
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| show | A law passed in 1974 fo reforming campaign finances, creating the Federal election commission, providing public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure..
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| show | A six member bipartisan group that administers and enforces campaign finance laws
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| show | Money from the income tax check off goes into the fun which is then distributed to qualified candidates to subsidize their campaigns
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| Matching funds | show 🗑
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| Soft money | show 🗑
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| 527 groups | show 🗑
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| show | Groups that are exempted from reporting their contributions and can receive unlimited contributions, cannot spend more than half of their funds on political activites
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| Political action committees | show 🗑
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| Selective perception | show 🗑
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| Legitimacy | show 🗑
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| Referendum | show 🗑
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| Initiative petition | show 🗑
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| show | The legal right to vote
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| show | The belief that one's political participation really matters
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| show | The belief that in order to support democratic government, a citizen should vote
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| Voter registration | show 🗑
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| Motor Vehicle Act | show 🗑
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| show | The idea that the winning candidate has a mandate from the people to carry out his/her platform and politics
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| show | Electoral choices that are made on the basis of the voters' policy preferences and where candidates stand on issues
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| Electoral college | show 🗑
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| Retrospective voting | show 🗑
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| High tech politics | show 🗑
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| show | Television, radio, newspaper, magazines, the Internet, and other means of popular communication
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| Media event | show 🗑
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| show | Meetings of public officials with reporters
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| show | The use of in-depth reporting to unearth scandals, scams, and schemes, at times putting reporting reporters in adversarial relationships with political leaders
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| Print media | show 🗑
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| Electronic media | show 🗑
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| show | Media programming that is focused on a particular interest and audience
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| Chains | show 🗑
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| Beats | show 🗑
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| Trial balloons | show 🗑
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| Sound bites | show 🗑
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| show | A shot of a person's face talking directly to the camera that is generally not shown for long
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| Policy agenda | show 🗑
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| show | People who invest their political capital in an issue
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| Budget | show 🗑
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| show | An excess of federal expenditures over federal revenues
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| show | Government spending
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| show | The financial resources of the government
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| Income tax | show 🗑
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| 16th amendment | show 🗑
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| Tax expenditures | show 🗑
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| Social Security Act | show 🗑
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| Medicare | show 🗑
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| show | The idea that this years budget will be last years plus a little bit
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| show | Expenditures that are determined by how many eligible beneficiaries there are for a program, or by previous obligations
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| show | Policies for which Congress is obligated to pay everyone eligible a certain amount
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| show | The House committee that writes tax codes
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| show | The Senate committee that writes tax codes
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| Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 | show 🗑
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| Congressional Budget Office | show 🗑
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| Budget resolution | show 🗑
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| show | A congressional process through which program authorizations are revised to achieve savings
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| show | An act of Congress that establishes, continues, or changes a government program
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| show | An act of Congress that funds authorization bills
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| show | When congress cannot reach an agreement, these resolutions allow agencies to spend at the level of the previous year
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| Incumbents | show 🗑
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| show | Activities of members of Congress that help constituents as individuals
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| Pork barrel | show 🗑
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| Bicameral legislature | show 🗑
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| House Rules Committee | show 🗑
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| show | A strategy in the Senate where there can be unlimited debate, thus votes can be postponed or never occur, takes 60 members to overcome a filibuster
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| show | A constitutionally mandated office that is chosen by the majority party, and is 2nd in line for the presidency
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| show | Responsible for scheduling bills, influencing committee assignments, and rounding up votes in behalf of the party's legislative positions
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| show | Party leaders who work the the majority leader or minority leader to count votes beforehand
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| show | Principle leader of the minority party in either the House or the Senate
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| show | Separate subject matter committees that handle bills in different policy areas
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|
||||
| show | Congressional committees on a few subject matter areas with membership from both houses
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|
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| show | Congressional committees that try to compromise the House and Senate versions of a bill
🗑
|
||||
| Select committees | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | congress's monitoring of the bureaucracy and its administration of policy through hearings
🗑
|
||||
| show | The most important influences of congressional agenda who schedule hearings, hire staff, appoint subcommittees, and manage committee bills when they are brought to the full house
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|
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| show | A simple rule of picking committee chairs
🗑
|
||||
| show | A group of members of Congress sharing some interest or characteristic
🗑
|
||||
| Bill | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | All the money borrowed by the federal government that is still outstanding
🗑
|
||||
| show | Limits presidents to 2 terms in office
🗑
|
||||
| show | Permits vice president to become the acting president if the president is disabled
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|
||||
| Impeachment | show 🗑
|
||||
| Watergate | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A group of presidential advisers not mentioned in the Constitution
🗑
|
||||
| show | The committee that links the president's foreign and military policy advisers, made up of the president, vice president, secretary of state and secretary of defense
🗑
|
||||
| Office of Management and Budget | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A three member body appointed by the president to advise on economic policy
🗑
|
||||
| show | The constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with his reasons for rejecting it
🗑
|
||||
| show | A type of veto occurring when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting the bill to the president and the president lets the bill die by not doing anything
🗑
|
||||
| show | These occurs when voters cast their ballots for congressional candidates of the president's party because they support the president
🗑
|
||||
| show | A law passed in 1973 that requires presidents to consult with Congress whenever possible prior to using military force or withdraw troops in 60 days unless Congress declares war or grants an extentsion
🗑
|
||||
| show | A vote in Congress to override a presidential decision
🗑
|
||||
| show | A sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event
🗑
|
||||
| show | A hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle, and behaves with impersonality
🗑
|
||||
| Patronage | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pendleton Civil Service Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| Civil service | show 🗑
|
||||
| Merit Principle | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hatch Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The office in charge of hiring for most agencies of the federal government
🗑
|
||||
| General Schedule rating | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | An elite cadre at the top of the civil service system
🗑
|
||||
| show | A governmental agency with responsibility for making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest in some sector of the economy
🗑
|
||||
| show | A governmental organization that provides a service that could be delivered by the private sector and typically charges for its services
🗑
|
||||
| Policy implementation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Standard operating procedures | show 🗑
|
||||
| Administrative discretion | show 🗑
|
||||
| Street level bureaucrats | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector
🗑
|
||||
| Deregulation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A typical system of deregulation whereby the government tells businesses what to do, how to do it, and when to do it by, and punishes offenders
🗑
|
||||
| Incentive system | show 🗑
|
||||
| Executive orders | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | AKA subgovernments, a mutually dependent, mutually advantageous relationship between the bureaucrats, interest groups, and congressional committees
🗑
|
||||
| show | The governmental agencies not accounted for by the cabinet, regulatory commissions, or corporations
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
meredithl2013
Popular American Government sets