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DEEP BACK AND SUBOCCIPITAL REGION

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These four mucsles (2 bilateral for a total of 4) comprise the spinotransversales muscle group:   SPLENIUS CAPITIS AND SPLENIUS CERVICIS  
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This muscle arises from the inferior half of the ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of the C7-T4 vertebrae and inserts into the mastoid process of the temporal bone. It lies deep to trapezius in the neck.   SPLENIUS CAPITIS  
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The unilateral action of splenius capitis is:   IPSILATERAL BENDING AND ROTATION OF THE FACE  
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Bilateral contraction of the splenius capitis muscles results in:   EXTENSION OF THE NECK  
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This muscle arises from the spinous processes of T3-T6 vertebrae and inserts into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the C1-C3. It lies inferior and anterior to splenius capitis.   SPLENIUS CERVICIS  
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The most lateral of the erector spinae muscles initiating from the lumbar region and ending in the cervical region are:   ILIOCOSTALIS: LUMBORUM, THORACIS, CERVICIS  
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The two middle erector spinae muscles from thorax to skull are:   LONGISSIMUS: THORACIS, CERVICIS, CAPITIS  
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The most medial and least substantial of the erector spinae muscles are:   SPINALIS: THORACIS, CERVICIS, CAPITIS  
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The transversospinalis muscles consist of these three muscle groups:   SEMISPINALIS: (THORACIS, CERVICIS, CAPITIS), MULTIFIDI, ROTATORES  
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Unilateral contraction of multifidus results in:   LATERAL FLEXION OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND CONTRALATERAL ROTATION  
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Bilateral contraction of multifidus results in:   EXTENSION OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN  
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These muscles are the deepest of the transversospinalis group and are most likely important in stabilizing the vertebrae and in proprioception.   ROTATORES  
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These minor deep muscles are involved in posture:   INTERSPINALES AND INTERTRANSVERSARII  
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These minor deep muscles run in the same oblique direction as the rotatores but lie lateral to them. They are involved in inspiration.   LEVATORES COSTARUM  
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Nearly all intrinsic back muscles are innervated by:   THE DORSAL RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES  
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The only intrinsic back muscles innervated by ventral rami are the:   INTERTRANSVERSARII  
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What four muscles comprise the suboccipital region?   RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR, RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR, OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR, OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR  
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This space is formed by obliquus capitis inferior on the bottom, obliquus capitis superior on the lateral, and rectus capitis major on the medial borders.   SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE  
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This nerve is the dorsal ramus of the C1 spinal nerve and runs through the suboccipital triangle and innervates all four suboccipital muscles:   SUBOCCIPITAL NERVE  
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This artery is the first branch off of the subclavian. It ascends from the C6 to C1 vertebrae and runs thorugh the suboccipital triangle.   VERTEBRAL ARTERY  
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This nerve is the dorsal ramus of C2 spinal nerve and runs inferior to the subocciptal triangle.   GREATER OCCIPITAL NERVE  
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