Pharynx and Nasal Cavity
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| Buccinator Muscle Attachments | Posterior: Pterygomandibular raphe. Anterior: Inserts into cheek
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| Superior pharyngeal constrictor | Skeletal muscle that squeezes and compresses the back of the throat to assist in swallowing
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| Pterygomandibular raphe attachments | Has an attachment to the pterygoid hammulus and lower attachment at the medial side of the mandible
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| Pharyngeal constrictors | Superior, middle and inferior. They push into the cavity in front of them. They make a raphe (seam) that runs up and attaches to the base of the skull called the pharyngeal tubercle
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| Cricopharyngeal muscle | Makes a complete ring, acts as a sphincter and always contracted so you don't consistently swallow air. Relaxes when you swallow
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| What is continuous with the cricopharyngeus muscle? | Esophagus
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| Actions of stylohyoid muscle and stylopharyngeus muscle | Stylohyoid: Elevates hyoid. Stylopharyngeus: Elevates pharyngeal apparatus when it contracts
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| Soft Palate Functions | Raises up and closes airway when you are vocalizing. Baby uses soft palate to suck. Closes off nose when drinking
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| What elevates the soft palate? | Levator veli palatine
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| Areas behind the pharynx | Laryngopharynx: Area behind the larynx. Oropharynx: Area behind the mouth. Nasopharynx: Area above the soft palate and behind the nasal cavity
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| Pharyngeal Wall layers: outside to inside | Mucous membrane, Pharygobasilar fascia, pharyngeal constrictors, buccopharyngeal fascia
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| Pulsion diverticula | If pressure builds up it can blow out the sides of the pharynx
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| What lies posterior and inferior to the pharynx | The thyroid and parathyroid glands, recurrent laryngeal nerves and carotid arteries
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| What makes the aponeurosis of the tensor soft palate? | Tensor veli palatini
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| Pterygoid hammulus | Little hook that comes off the medial plate
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| What innervates the tensor veli palatini muscle? | Trigeminal nerve
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| Pharynotympanic tube | Projects itself into the posterior aspect of nasal cavity. Job is to equilibriate the changes of pressure in the chamber. Lined with mucosa. Goes from pharyngeal area to middle ear.
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| Drainage of Sphenoid sinus | Anteriorly below the sphenoethmoidal recess
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| Superior, middle and inferior conchae | Superior and middle nasal conchae are part of ethmoid bone. Inferior is its own bone
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| Innervation from Trigeminal | Sensory fibers from ophthalmic nerve. Maxillary sends sensory fibers: Greater palatine: Hard palate, Lesser palatine and least palatine
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| Greater petrosal | Synapses in the pterygopalatine ganglion
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| Parasympathetic and Sympathetic | Parasympathetic innervates glands. Sympathetic innervates blood vessels (Superior cervical ganglion)
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| Blood supply | Sphenopalatine artery (terminal branch of maxillary artery) is a major artery for the mucosa on the inside of the nose
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